Menu

Cast Now

Direct Interpret

Explore

Bradford Hatcher

Articles & Guides

More

Buy Me A Coffee

Support this project

Word by Word Index

A Tribute to Bradford Hatcher

Creating a "Word by Word" translation is a monumental task. Bradford Hatcher did not just translate; he performed a rigorous textual archaeology. For every single Chinese character, he traced its lineage, verified its usage against the Mathews' Chinese-English Dictionary, and meticulously cross-referenced its meaning across different hexagrams.

Decades ago, limited by technology, he ingeniously used custom CID encodings and images to preserve the integrity of the Hanzi. He introduced a brilliant "chain" structure—threading every occurrence of a character through the entire Book of Changes—guiding readers to see not just a definition, but the living soul of the word as it evolves through the text.

This digital index is built upon his original matrix, honoring his dedication to clarity, precision, and depth.

Since the original text used images for Chinese characters, the characters here were reverse-engineered using Mathews' codes. Consequently, there may be discrepancies between Simplified and Traditional Chinese, or undetected variant characters. Feedback on any errors is greatly appreciated. Thank you for your support.

A3 characters

ai1M:0003sorrow, sadness, grief, grieving, regret

ai4M:0009love, fondness, kindness, regard, affection(s)

an1M:0026(to be) content(ed), at peace (with), at rest, secure, stable, quiet, serene, peaceful, tranquil, safe, calm, settled, still, steady, satisfactory (in); (to) secure, safeguard, settle (for), pacify, still, confirm, ensure, soothe, find a place for, place, arrange, lay down, rest in (s, ed, ing); (a, the) rest, peace, security, ease, quiet, quietude, serenity, steadiness, stillness, comfort, contentment (s) (with); how? where? why?; ... thus?; naturally, without effort

B45 characters

ba1M:4845(a, the) eight; eight times, eightfold, eighth

ba2M:4848pulling, drawing (up, out), extracting 12.1

ba4M:4841(to) quit, stop, cease, leave off, rest (ing)

bai2M:4975(and, on) (a) white

bai3M:4976(a, the) hundred; hundredfold, hundredth, hundreds of; a hundred times; (to be) common; all of the

bai4M:4866ruin, defeat, destruction

ban1M:4889arrayed, ordered, graded, costumed "

bang1M:4910(a, the) state, country, realm, territory, land, dominion, domain, region, principality, jurisdiction, sovereignty, government, governance (s)

bao1M:4937(to) include, pack, wrap, envelop, surround, bundle, embrace, accept, cherish, undertake, safeguard, secure, warrant, guarantee, hold, contain, put up, cherish, protect (s, ed, ing); (a, the) cover, container, bag, bundle, creel, wrapping

bao1M:4941( ^) (the) seedlings, saplings, sprigs, sprouts

bao3M:4943(getting) fill (ed, ing) up; sated, satisfied

bao3M:4946security, safety, protection, insurance

bao4M:4954panther, leopard(-like)

bei1M:4993humility, lowliness, modesty

bei3M:4974(and, to) north* "

bei4M:4989back, spine

bei4M:4997affectation, preparation, precaution, pretense

bei4M:4998exhausting, wearing; exhaustion, weariness

bei4M:5003sideways, contrary, perverse, off to the side

bei4M:5005belongings, valuables, possessions +

ben1M:5028(but, then) hurry, run, hasten, rush (ing)

ben3M:5025(a, the) root, trunk, origin, original, source, principal, basis, beginning, foundation, fundament, cause, stem; (to be) starting, initial, basis, fundamental, essential, natural, original, native

bi2M:5100(the) nose, snout

bi3M:5076(the) ladle, spoon (full) (of)

bi3M:5077(to) accord, belong, combine, go together, join, affiliate, unite, associate (to, with); sort, compare, match, assemble, join, follow, (put, hold) together, draw an analogy (s, ed, ing); (to be) affiliated, paired (with), concordant, well- disposed; close, familiar; successive, comparable, analogous, similar; (a, the) union, belonging, affiliation, association, togetherness, congestion, commonality; on behalf of

bi3M:5082grandmother; late, departed mother

bi3M:5093that, those (targets, quarry); the ones

bi4M:5027(to) adorn, dress (up), beautify, embellish, decorate, make graceful (s, ed, ing); (to be) elegant, brilliant, ornate, fancy, dressed up, sumptuous; superficial, nearsighted; (a, the) adornment, ornamentation; shell, treasure; model (s)

bi4M:5092closed, shut, lo cked, barred, blocked (up)

bi4M:5101(is) cracked, broken, worn out, damaged

bi4M:5109(these, they would) certain, sure (ly)

bi4M:5172(and, to) avoid, shun; withdraw (s) from

bian4M:5240(to) distinguish, differentiate, discriminate, discern, dispute, find fault with, scrutinize, identify, cut, divide, delineate, separate, regulate, distribute (s, ed, ing); (a, the) identification, discernment, distinction, distinctiveness, delineation, edge, boundary, frame, context, identity (s); (to be) distinguished, discerning, discriminating; everywhere

bian4M:5242articulates, distinguishes, discusses

bian4M:5245(to) change, alter, become, vary, amend, transform, reform, mutate, metamorphose, evolve, emerge (s, ed, ing); (to be) amenable, changeable; (a, the) emergence, transformation, metamorphosis, change, evolution, variation (s)

bin1M:5259(being, to be) guest, visitor; to visit; to call

bing3M:5287(is) evident, distinct, obvious, unmistakable

bing4M:5292all, many; all together (could, might, would)

bo1M:5337(to) curtail, (pare, cut, break) down, abridge, strip away, split, lay bare, expropriate, reduce, cut up, skin, peel, flay, deprive, ruin, 417 break, pluck, degrade, scavenge, loot (s, ed, ing); (to be) decomposing, decadent, unsustainable, disintegrating, breaking down; deprived, stripped (of), ill- founded; (a, the) deconstruction, destruction, deterioration

bo2M:4979(of) silk(s)

bo3M:5317(the) lame, limping 54.1

bu1M:5373takes refuge; to retreat, flee, hide, escape

bu4M:5379no, not, none, nothing, (very) little, the least (of); without, with no, not with; (is, are, was) no, not, nothing, (nothing) without; will not, will fail to; may not, need not; (it is) no, not; is to not, to not (be), will not be, not to (be), not being, to never be; being without, without being; outside of; away from, free (of/from); there (is, are, will be) no, not, none, nothing; there will not be; were there no; what is not; (but) no, not, nothing, without, with no; (do)(es) no, without; (has/have) no, not, yet to; (but) do not, does not, did not, will not, would not, would never (be); instead of, regardless of, rather than, in spite of, despite; not, never, no longer, rarely, seldom (to); hardly, (very) little, not much, not so, not very; (to be) nothing, without, wrong; (to) avoid, cease to, drop, escape, evade, lack, need, refrain from, want; fail to, make no, remain to be (s, ed, ing); not only not, not even, less (than); un-, ill-, in-, im-, de-, dis-, non-, mal-, mis-, off-; -less, -lessly, -out, - free; remain un-; if not, but not if; is this not ...?; not ... but; not only not; that/which cannot be; (a, the) doubt; absence, lack, need, void, want (of); failure to; freedom from

bu4M:8001(woven) screens, curtains, partitions "

C52 characters

cai2M:6662enrich, enhance, endow, add to [ the worth of]

cang2M:6718concealment, accumulation; hoard, hid (ing)

cao3M:6739in haste, carelessness; with roughness

ce4M:6758sad, sorry; sadness, sorrow, grief, pity, pain

cha2M:0111to discover, examine, investigate, discern

chang2M:0213(to) complete, continue, develop, endure, excel, go on, grow (tall), increase, keep up, last (long), master, perfect, perpetuate, persist, prevail, profit, prosper, reach for, survive, sustain, take the lead (s, ed, ing); (to be) (long-) lasting, lived, term; always, continued, durable, enduring, eternal, excelling, excellent, growing, long, old, perpetual, persistent, prevailing, surviving, sustained, tall, tenured; continually, eternally, perpetually, regularly, steadily, for long; (a, the) continuance, endurance, length, longevity, long life, long time, maturity, perpetuity, prosperity; strong point, forte; as Zhang3: (the) chief, elder, eldest, senior, superior; (to be) grown up, mature, experienced, long lasting, long standing

chang2M:0221(a, the) constant, constancy, norm, order, principle, rule, standard, banner; (to be) common, consistent, constant, customary, endless, enduring, eternal, ever, familiar, fixed, forever, frequent, habitual, invariable, lasting, limitless, normal, ordinary, perennial, permanent, perpetual, recurring, regular, set, standard, standing, usual; (to) abide, be forever, continue, endure, go on, last, maintain, persist, survive, sustain (in, with) (s, ed, ing); [the status quo] ; always, commonly, consistently, constantly, durably, frequently, habitually, invariably, normally, often, ordinarily, perpetually, regularly, usually, so often; whenever, wherever; ever-; what/that which continues/lasts

chang2M:5671dress, lower garment, skirt, clothing

chang4M:0232(consecrated, sacramental, sacred) wine +

chao2M:0253nest

che1M:0280wagon, cart, vehicle, carriage

che4M:0282hin dered, held up, reined in, restrained +

che4M:0289(to, and) burst, break, crack (open)

chen2M:0327(the, one’s) servant, retainer, subject, aide (s)

chen2M:0336daybreak, early morning; a herald; timely

cheng1M:0383assessing, appraising, weighing, evaluating

cheng2M:0379(to) accomplish, achieve, actualize, arrive at, become, bring about, come to pass, complement, complete, determine, establish, finish, follow through, fulfill, make, perfect, realize, succeed, take place (s, ed, ing); (to be) accomplished, achieved, actualized, arrived at, complete, completed, done, entire, finished, fulfilled, full, mature, perfect, perfected, realized, whole; (fully) developed formed; (a, the) 418 accomplishment, achievement, complement, fulfillment, completion, end, follow through, outcome, realization (of); of completion; entirely, completely, perfectly

cheng2M:0380(the) (city) wall(s), battlements, ramparts

cheng2M:0384corrects, curbs, rectifies, precludes, rules out

cheng2M:0386(to) receive, inherit, carry, bear, help, assist, serve, accept, enjoy, undergo, undertake, contract for, adopt, offer, present, continue, carry on, lift (up), uphold, hold up, support, acknowledge, recognize, honor, celebrate, meet (s, ed, ing); (a, the) help, service, support, assistance, acceptance, recognition, contract, assignment, undertaking (s)

cheng2M:0398(to) avail (oneself) of, take advantage of, take, take control of, multiply, ascend on, be carried by, rely on, rely upon, supersede, mount, surmount, overcome, drive, ride, ascend, go upon, seize, bully, chance/opportunity (s, ed, ing); (to be) mounted, astride, on top of, above, upon, riding, in control, carried by; (a, the) team, ride, mount, four-team, team of four, chariot

chi2M:1024(the) slow, late, tardy, hesitant, delayed

chi3M:1028stripped, deprived; ^stripped away, off

chi4M:1048(the) blush, carnation, pink, rouge

chong1M:1529(if, where) unsettled, irresolute, distracted

chong2M:1509(to be) repeated, repeating, double, doubled, multiple, paired, twofold; (to) accumulate; twice, two times; character pronounced Zhong4 when meaning weighty, etc.

chong2M:1528to honor, celebrate, dignify, exalt, venerate

chong3M:1534sp onsorship, endorsement, favor, esteem

chou2M:1322(but) (a, this) category, class; kind of thing

chou2M:1325^ anxious, worried; ^ fearful, gloomy

chou2M:1332rival, adversary, counterpart, opponent (s)(’)

chou3M:1327shame, derision, condemnation, disgrace "

chu1M:1390(to) begin, start (with) (s, ed, ing); (to be) original, initial, incipient; (a, the) start, beginning, origin, first (step) (s); initially, originally, (at, in) (the) first (place), (at, in) the beginning, at the start, early (on), when first

chu1M:1409(to) come out, get out, go out, (of), set out, stand out (from, out of); appear, arise, beget, bring out, deliver, depart, emerge, escape, evolve, exceed, exist, exit, expel, get rid of, go (beyond, past), issue (from, out), leave, occur, proceed, (go/come) forth, (sur)pass, pour out; quit, abandon, eject, reduce, expurgate; reappear, reemerge, remove, rise up, vent; expend, pay (s, ed, ing); (a, the) adventure, departure, emergence, emergency, expression, issue, outcome; (to be) beyond, past, passed, produced, spent; out of/from, outside of; out comes

chu2M:1391sets, puts aside, away; makes ready, caches +

chu3M:1407(it is, has) settled, stilled, disposed, resolved

chu4M:1412(to) take care of, care for, provide for, tend (to), attend (to), keep, raise, feed, nurture, sustain, nourish, rear, bring up, support, shelter, cherish, train, manage, cultivate, retain, restrain, tame, (bring under) control, herd, domesticate, raise beasts, animals, brutes; accumulate, store up, gather, hoard, reserve (s, ed, ing); (a, the) nurture, cultivation, culture, domestication, husbandry, management, training; domestic animal; raising ... beasts; also pronounced xu4 in verb form, to raise animals

chu4M:1416(who) butts (against), attacks, rushes "

chuan1M:1439(a, the) stream, river, water, current, river valley, flow, channel, creek (s); (to) flow, flood, stream

chuan2M:1444(are) rushed, hurried, cut short, abbreviated

chuang2M:1459(the) bed, couch, divan, platform +

chui2M:1478(let) drag, drop, droop, hang, lower (ing)

ci2M:6984(a, the) explanation, statement, expression, text, instruction, evidence, proof, orders, message, argument, tale, story; speech, word, phrase; (to) explain, instruct; excuse, plead, apologize; abdicate, give up, decline, depart, take leave, deny, dismiss, shirk, turn away, resign (s, ed, ing)

ci3M:6972this is, such is

ci4M:6980encampment, camp, bivouac, (i.e. retreat)

cong1M:6916(quick at, to) hear(ing); astute, clever(ness) 43.4x

cong2M:6919(to) follow, pursue, seek, chase, track; obey, comply, conform (with), humor, trace, be like; attend, adhere, agree, hold, tend (to); hold, go along, join, agree (with), yearn for, engage in, endure behind (s, ed, ing); (to be) 419 accessory, secondary, second, subordinate, engaged (in, with), pursuant to, according to, bent on; (a, the) following, follower, pursuit; from behind, from, by, by way of, since, whence, through, after, in a certain manner

cong2M:6921(a) thicket, clump, hedge, grove, patch (of)

cuan4M:6852(or) (even) flee, sneak away, run away, hide

cui1M:6866^ overwhelmed; ^ frustrated, pressed

cui4M:6880(to) gather, assemble, unite, collect, bring together, pull together, bundle, cluster, convene, integrate, concentrate (s, ed, ing); (a, the) gathering, assembly, assemblage, congregation, collection, crowd; security, unification, collectedness, self-possession, confidence, assurance, composure, reintegration, integrity, concentration; bunch, bundle, cluster, multitude of grasses; (to be) thick, close-set, dense; “pulling it together,” “holding it together,” “having it together”

cuo4M:6793^ mixed up, confused; random; side, cross-+

D43 characters

da4M:5943(to be) accomplished, best, better, big, complete, critical, crucial, developed, enormous, entire, extreme, far, full, fully grown, good, grand, great(er, est), heavy, high, large(r), (very, greatly) important, long, loud, major, mature, mighty, more, most, noble, noteworthy, old, overall, (more, most) perfect, pure, realized, ripe, seasoned, serious, significant, strong, successful, vast, whole, wholesome, vital; a lot of, full of, lots of; master-, (a, the) completeness, (full) development, entirety, grand (-eur, -ness), greatness, growth, (great) importance, largesse, majority, maturity, vastness, wholeness; a great deal, (very) much, very; already, completely, entirely, fully, greatly, thoroughly, wholly, en masse, well-; of (great, crucial, vital) importance

dai4M:5989carefree, idle, easy, relaxed, slack, negligent

dai4M:5992(is, are) sought out, attained; reaches; reach +

dai4M:6002to wait, await, bide time

dai4M:6005(and) ribbons, girdle, (victory) sashes

dan1M:6028staring, glaring

dan4M:8002hidden, inner chamber, recess(es), pitfall, cave

dang1M:6087(to be) actual, appropriate, adequate, meet, suitable, right, just, fitting, proper, (well-) suited, adapted, adaptive, due, deserving, opportune, convenient, equal to, capable of, satisfactory; (to) act as, bear, rest, depend, be (on, upon); undertake, take charge of, govern, shield, protect, sustain, represent, occupy position of; regard, work, act, function (as); accept, deserve; appraise, compensate, value, evaluate; have the value of, be equal to, rank with, match (s, ed, ing); (a, the) appropriate, right, fitting (response); appropriately, suitably, rightly, justly, properly, fittingly, duly; as it should be; should, ought, must; at that time, during, then, while, in, at, on. ap dang4

dao4M:6136(a, the) circuit, course, Dao, passage, path, process, road, route, track, trail, way; dharma, doctrine, method, nature, principle, truth; way(s) of, nature(s) of; (to be) headed down the road, on course, on track, on the path; fared, taken, traveled; (to) guide, instruct, lead, conduct, govern, show the way; discourse, explain, say, speak, tell [was in use as “to say” in the Zhou] (s, ed, ing). It is not a stretch to call the Dao a (or the) four-dimensional or space-time continuum, the unfolding of existence over and through time, things as strings or tracks. The Dao does not refer to the infinite field of all possibilities (“not a path suited to travel”), but to the infinity of paths, tracks or ways actually taken in reality, fact or truth.

de2M:6161(to) accept, achieve, acquire, attain (to), bring, capture, catch, choose, claim, come by, come true, discover, draw, earn, effect, encounter, find, finish, gain, get, grasp, have, hold, learn, meet, merit, obtain, occupy, pick up, possess, reach, realize, receive, regain, result in, satisfy, secure, seize, take (on), win (s, ed, ing); (a, the) achievement, acquisition, attainment, booty, bounty, effect, gain (of), result, 420 satisfaction, security; (to be) attained, had, endowed, finished, found, gained, gainful, given, got, learned, ready, satisified, satisfying; [not (otherwise) wasted] ; to be able; can, may

de2M:6162(a, the) (personal) ability, aptitude, authority, character(istic), conduct, dignity, disposition, energy, ethic, fitness, goodness, influence, integrity, intention, merit, moral courage/excellence/force, nature, personality, power, quality, spirit, spirit-power, strength, temperament, virtue, worth; bounty, kindness, favor; gratitude; a virtue of; (to be) ethical, realized, spirited, virtuous; grateful; by nature, in character with; (to) deserve, merit (s, ed, ing); De is often referred to as Dao applied or in relation to the individual entity. De is the consequence of a being’s being on track, true to itself, fit to its own proper way and hence: (to be) in character, doing well

deng1M:6167(to) rise, ascend, climb, scale (ing) (upwards)

di1M:6195(a, the) billy; ^ 34.6

di2M:6221(the) rival(ry), counterpart, opponent(sition)

di2M:6230seen (face to face); (a) visitor; encounter "

di4M:6198(a, the) basis, earth, field, ground, land, locality, location, place(ment), position, site, siting, situation, soil, space, territory, world, (to be) earthly, local, terrestrial, worldly; (the) earth’s, world’s, land’s. Used in Tian Di, heaven and earth, the universe or everything, including humanity and the myriad beings between heaven and earth.

di4M:6201(the) younger, youngest, junior

di4M:6202se cond, younger, junior, subordinate wife

di4M:6204(a, the) Emperor, Lord; supreme ruler, sovereign; deified being, divine king, divinity, god, heaven; (to be) divine, royal, imperial, sacred, celestial; the divine; deity's; Lord ...; Di Yi, Late Shang Emperor

dian1M:6337abnormal, overwhelming, disproportionate

dian4M:6358(the) lightning, flash, spark, electricity, sudden illumination, stark clarity

die2M:2456(to) bite, eat; gnaw, chew (ing) on

die2M:6314old age, the elderly (70-80 years); infirmity

ding3M:6390(the, one’s) head, topknot, crown, scalp

ding3M:6392(a, the) cauldron, sacrificial vessel, tripod, ding vessel, crucible, (consecrated, dedicated) transformation; [alchemy]; (a, the) cauldron’s

ding4M:6393(to) resolve, steady, settle, secure, fix (ing)

dong1M:6605(from) east 39.0

dong4M:6607(the) ridgepole; main, ridge beam, board

dong4M:6611(a, the) movement, action, activity, behavior, conduct, deed, energy, force, agitation, arousal, excitement, influence, momentum, impetus; (to) move, act, arouse, excite, set in motion, take action, get moving, begin, stir, shake, overcome inertia, disturb, affect, energize, invigorate, displace, apply, work (s, ed, ing); (to be) energetic, active, kinetic, dynamic, moving, excited, exciting, aroused, restless

dou3M:6472(the) bushel (constellation), [big dipper] *"

du2M:6509toxic, noxious, poison(ous), pernicious to

du2M:6512(to be) abandoned, (all) alone, by oneself, in solitude, independent, individual, isolated, lonely, separate, single, sole, solitary, stranded; lost in thought, meditative, pensive; thinking about; only, singularly, uniquely; by itself, on its own; auto-, mono-

du2M:6515disrespect(ful); impertinent(nce), contempt

du3M:6514reliable, solid, staunch; established, serious

du4M:6504(the) measures, degrees, rules, laws, limits

dui4M:6560(a, the) joy, pleasure, happiness, satisfaction, delight, gratification, rejoicing, openness, exchange, mouth, passage, opening, aperture; (to be) open, free, clear, acquiescent, accepting, glad, happy, fond of, responsive, oral; (to) exchange, barter, deliver, pay, give an equivalent, trade, transact, weigh, share; open a passage through, open up, clear away, convert, gratify, rejoice; speak (s, ed, ing); [consensual behavior, voluntary transactions]

dui4M:6562ac cording to, consistent with, by, as befit

dun1M:6571authentic, honest, genuine, earnest, solid (ly)

dun4M:6586(to) retreat, withdraw, retire, escape, evade, avoid, flee, hide away, withdraw from, get distance from, step back (from), run away, abscond, skulk, hide; drag the feet in walking (s, ed, ing); (a, the) retirement, retreat, 421 reservation, sanctuary; distance, distancing, withdrawal; [reframing]; (to be) hidden, concealed, evasive, withdrawn, invisible, secluded

duo1M:6416(the) plentiful, excessive; too much, many

duo2M:6433to take, seize, carry away; rob; determine, decide

duo2M:6436to collect, harvest, gather, reap (a, the) harvest)

duo3M:6419^ hanging open, down; (with) hang down

E9 characters

e4M:4809evil; bad, wrong (ness); (the) repugnant, vile

e4M:4812suppresses, represses, curtails, prevents (the)

e4M:7226(and) echoing, sounds of; laughing

er2M:1756and (also, even, only, so, still, then, thus, when, yet), and there (is/are), and happens to; yet (still); but (also, only, still, then, with), but there (is/are); (along, combined, even) with, with this; although, besides, however, moreover, nevertheless, though; instead, rather; also, is also; if, when, where, with ... then; both ... and; meanwhile, while, even (as, in, when, where, with, while), while also; then, is then; still, thus; as, as when; merely, only, simply; before, in, by, through; together (with); you, your

er3M:1744(the) ears

er3M:1755(t he) near, close (by, at hand)

er4M:1751(a, the) two, duality, polarity; two times; (to be) next, another, double, dual, twofold, second; of two minds, doubtful, divided; (to) repeat

er4M:1752(or) two; (and) (a) spare, seconds

F49 characters

fa1M:1765(and) subjugate, subordinate, chastise, punish

fa1M:1768development, issue, expression, delivery

fa2M:1769(and) penalties, fines, exactions

fa3M:1762standard, example, statute, law, rule, model (s)

fan1M:1798(in, to) propagate, breed, multiply, increase (ing)

fan1M:1800(a, the) hedge(row), fence "

fan2M:1771(such) general, universal, encompassing; all

fan2M:1788complicated, intricate, prolific, troublesome, numerous

fan3M:1781(to) reverse, bring back, come back (to), come around (to), turn back, turn around, come/turn back around; retrace, revert (to), revise, return, repeat, retreat, turn, turn 180 degrees, flipflop, turn against, turn over, combat, oppose, avert, pervert, rebel, retort (s, ed, ing); (to be) turning, contrary, in the opposite direction, instead of, opposing, opposite, refractory, reversed, wild, counter-; (a, the) turnaround, reverse, revision, reversal, reversion to; on the other hand, on the contrary; the opposite of; back to; turns ... around

fan4M:1779confronting; rushing, charging into

fang1M:1802(to be) square, direct, directed, frontal, just, upright, straightforward, honest, methodical, regular, apt, sudden, quick, definite, defined, prompt; on all sides, everywhere, side by side, on the side (of); (to) cut across, prompt; take a place; compare, put side by side (s, ed, ing); (a, the) bearing, direction, side, limit, aspect, definition, right angle, boundary, border, directness, directives, prompting, urging, method; place, country, region, domain, quarter, square, quadrant; abruptly, suddenly, soon, shortly, quickly, squarely, directly, frontally, actually, honestly, with direction; then, just then, just now, is now, right now; across, straight across

fang2M:1817(to) defend, guard, fortify, protect (ing)

fei1M:1819out(side) of; to not be; (to be) wrong

fei1M:1850^in flight, on the wing; flying, soaring

fei2M:1830(lower) legs, calves

fei2M:1839healthy, sleek, fertile, resourceful, fruitful

fei3M:1820not, is not, are not; it is not, there is not, this is not, one is not; to be not, not being, not so; with no, (if) there (is, are) no; without, not as a, does not, does no; to not be, not to be; never, never to be, to never be, never was; never were; un-, in-; not ... but; without, devoid of; (to be) bad, wrong, inferior, contrary, reverse, evil, perverse, negative, different, unacceptable; in no way; rarely, seldom, never; (a, the) rebel, vagabond, rascal (s); (to) blame, deny, negate

fen1M:1851(to be) (evenly, equally, fairly) divided, apportioned, distributed, parted, separate(d), distinct, distinguished, proportionate, shared, sorted (out), allotted; alternately, reciprocally; in turn, by turns; (to) divide, separate, distinguish, decide, distribute

fen1M:1859(a, an) assortment, confusion, hubbub; many

fen2M:1866^ (a) (a)blaze, (a)flame, on fire; burning

fen2M:1873(a, the) gelded, castrated

fen4M:1854hard feeling, ill will, resentment, indignity (s)

fen4M:1874aroused, with energy, energetically, excitedly

feng1M:1890(a, the) wind, breeze, gust, air, tune; custom, habit, usage, manner, manners, repute, reputation, rumor, information, criticism, influence; to get wind of 422

feng1M:1897(a, the) abundance, prosperity, affluence, riches, plenty, profusion; (to be) (so) abundant, luxurious (-iant), prosperous, bountiful, prolific, ample, sumptuous, copious, ripe, plentiful, full, thick (that), filled, fulfilled; (to) abound in, prosper in, proliferate (s, ed, ing); fully

fou3M:1905(the, this) (earthen, plain clay) vessel, bowl

fu1M:1908(a relative or demonstrative pronoun:) the, this, it, that, they, these, those, the following, such, someone, (the) one(s)/those (who/which) (is/are), the one in question; you; (preposition, like yu:) as, at, by, of, through, (up)on, with; (consequence, like ze:) (but, yet) here, now, so, then, thus, therefore, as such, as this, after this, since, given that; (initial particle:) now, then, when, however, moreover, if, but, even (the), wherefore, furthermore, forasmuch as, (final, like hu:); (a, the) gentleman, husband, man, master, sage; gentleman’s, husband’s, man’s; -man; -ist; -person; as to; a final particle

fu1M:1958tender meat, flesh, pork, skin

fu2M:1936(a, the) truth, the true, confidence, trust, assurance, belief, conviction, sureness, sincerity, reliance, (good) faith, surety, certainty, credibility, proof, verity, promise, loyalty, verification (s); (to be) true, sincere, credible, honest, trustworthy, truthful, confident, assured, reliable, sure (to); (to) rely on, believe in, be sure (of), verify, ascertain, validate, believe, have faith, trust, hold (that) (s, ed, ing); will surely, certainly, truly (be); can be trusted to, is certain to, is sure to

fu2M:1964cache, hide, conceal, crouch (ing) (with)

fu2M:1971sashed (nobles); sashes, leggings; } gentry

fu2M:1978(a, the) happiness, prosperity, abundance, good fortune, felicity, enrichment, blessing, luck, favor, good will, fortune, well being; grant, endowment, gift, favor, boon; (to) favor, bless, enrich, make happy (s, ed, ing) [often beyond monetary]

fu2M:1980(its) wheel(’s) spokes

fu2M:1981not; is, are not, not to, to not, do not, does not, cannot, could not, will not, would not; not ... it, not ... them; without, with nothing, with no, with never; not so; neither; neither ... nor; not ... or; against, as against, as opposed to; does not want to, nowhere, no way to; (to) avoid, reject, refuse, dismiss, deny (s, ed, ing); (to be) unwanted, avoided, rejected, refused; not wanting to; not able to, not willing to; in-; un-; in no way; there is/are/will be no/not/never/rarely/seldom

fu2M:1986dismiss, reject; shake, brush (ing) off, aside

fu2M:1989veil; carriage screen, curtain; hairpiece, wig +

fu2M:1999burdens, servitude, suffering, a harness

fu3M:1934(and) (an) axe, (a) hatchet "

fu3M:1945(is, means) assistance, support, confirmation

fu4M:1924added, in addition; depends, (is) contingent

fu4M:1927(the) fish, perch, carp

fu4M:1933(a, the) father, progenitor; premise; (to be) elder, male, senior; (to) father, sire, do fatherly duties

fu4M:1952(a, the) enrichment, wealth, abundance, prosperity, riches, treasure; (to be) rich, enriched, wealthy, prosperous; self-important; enriching; (to) prosper, be/become/grow rich, accrue, enrich, provide for, endow (s, ed, ing);

fu4M:1956covered, plastered, caked with, (wearing)

fu4M:1963(a, the) woman, wife, lady, matron, women; wife’s, woman’s, lady’s, matron’s

fu4M:1992(to) devolve, recover, recur, redo, renew, recommence, recall, repay, reply, repeat, restore, resume, retrace, return, revert, revise, revive, (come, go, turn) around, back, home (to); fall back (on); overturn, turn over (s, ed, ing); (a, the) answer, recovery, recurrence, renewal, reply, response, return; (to be) in answer, reply, response, return (to); recurring, recurrent; again, repeatedly; coming and going 423

fu4M:1993overturning, spilling, upsetting

fu4M:1994(of) (the) belly, gut, viscera

fu4M:1997(its) axle strut, housing, bracket, mount (s) (v)

G62 characters

gai3M:3196makes corrections, amendments; reforms

gan1M:3211(the) shore(line), (river)bank; shelter

gan1M:3223sweet, (too) easy; complacent, indulgent (ly)

gan1M:3233(to be) creative, vigorous, energetic, potent, dynamic, constant, enduring, lasting; dry, clean; exhausted; heavenly; (a, the) creation, initiative, authority, sovereignty, design, cogency, autonomy, command, energy, diligence, persistence, endurance, mastery, genius, higher order, higher purpose, calling, vocation, enduring activity, lasting vigor, dynamic living, dragonhood; heaven; warmth of the sun; vigorous appearance; (a, the) male, gang or yang principle; (to) create, initiate, design, author, master, persist, endure (s, ed, ing); creation’s, creativity’s; gan, (to be) dry, dried

gan3M:3229presume(ption)(s), dare, make (ing) bold

gan3M:3232moved, excited, stimulated, touched (by)

gan4M:3235correct, attend to, repair, rectify (ing)

gan4M:3239from a Gan River gorge (Jiangxi Province) ?

gang1M:3268(a, the) firm, strong, resolute, hard; gan3 3232 671 l 61+9 31.T (to) stimulate, excite, stir, move, arouse, firmness, strength, resolution, hardness, constancy, persistence, resolve (of); [what is today known as the yang]; (to be) firm, strong, resolute, resolved, hard, tough, constant, steady, consistent, energetic, forceful, cogent, unyielding, set, stubborn, persistent, positive, odd; (to) strengthen, stiffen, persist, endure (s, ed, ing)

gao1M:3290high(est), prominent, lofty; highest

gao1M:3296riches, favors, treasures; oils, fat, cream

gao4M:3287(to) announce, pronounce, proclaim, notify, declare, decree, depose, issue, publish, tell, address, advise, indict, report, explain, apply, inform, affirm, attest, charge (to) (s, ed, ing); (a, the) announcement, explanation, account, pronouncement, advice

gao4M:3288(and) decrees, proclamations, edicts, titles

ge1M:3364singing

ge2M:3314(to) change, alter, transform, degrade, take away, supersede, set aside, replace, modify, amend, reform, rennovate, renew, revolve, change seasons, molt, shed (skin), have (had) enough, divest, strip, flay, peel, get rid of, cast off, eliminate, revolt, break with past, overthrow; (a, the) changing (of), seasonal change, revolution, animal hide, rawhide, skin, leather (not fur, implies hair removed); of change

ge2M:3377creeping, [ creepy] ; creepers, crawlers, kudzu

ge4M:3366identity, individuality, personality, ego

ge4M:3368each being, individual; every thing

gen1M:3328root, base, foundation, trunk, beginning, cause

gen4M:3327(to) still, check, limit, restrain, constrain, prevent, confine, arrest, define, resist, be obstinate; keep still, just be, hold steady, balance, rest, set, settle, quiet, suspend (s, ed, ing); (a, the) restraint, definition, boundary, confinement, setting, obstacle ahead, stillness, equilibrium, rest, [inertia]; stiffness; hostility, opposition; (to be) outspoken, straightforward, candid, blunt, simple, honest; refractory, stubborn, obstinate, perverse

geng1M:3339reform, renewal (ing); (making) changes

geng1M:3343ploughing, tilling

gong1M:3698(a, the) accomplishment, achievement, benefit, credit, distinction, effect, effectiveness, efficacy, excellence, honor, merit, good deeds, proficiency, result, skill, success, (tangible) value, (meritorious, good) work (done), effort, service; (useful) task; (to) prove (its, one’s) worth; work at, apply oneself to (s, ed, ing); (to be) accomplished, achieved, distinguished, meritorious, praiseworthy, solid, valuable, well- done, well-worked, workmanlike, worthy, substantial; (to have) acheivement, effect, merit, results

gong1M:3699(to) attack, take the offensive; aggression

gong1M:3701(to be) fair, impartial, just, equal, common, general, public; (a, the) fairness, impartiality, justice, objectivity; palace, court, office, high noble, noble of rank, nobility, duke, prince, lord, gentleman, sir, nobility, clan head, patriarch; openly, publicly, officially; with justice; the lord’s, high noble’s, duke’s

gong1M:3704(her, a sense of) self (v)(worth); (her) honor

gong1M:3705(the) palace, (large, upper class) household

gong1M:3706(upper) arm

gong1M:3711respect, courtesy, humility, reverence

gong3M:3718bound, wrapped, secured, girded, affixed

gou3M:3413the bitch, a dog; term of contempt; to hound

gou4M:3422(to) couple, pair, connect, mate, copulate, meet (with), pair (up) with, come in(to) contact with, come in(to) conflict with, encounter (s, ed, ing); (a, the) (chance) encounter, (temporary) affair, (ad hoc) coalition; temptation, seduction, dissipation 424

gou4M:3426suitor, prospect, groom* "

gu1M:3470(and) (all) alone, isolated, solitary, lonely

gu3M:3467thighs, loins, hips, haunches

gu3M:3475(a, the) corruption, decay, decadence, rot, putrefaction, toxicity, poison, worms (in food or belly), pestilence; bad medicine, bad magic, slow poison, venom; fixation (s), stagnation, deception, guile, delusion, insanity; (glossed in guwen as chong, 1519: worms, insects, reptiles); (a, the) renewal, healing, curing, purging, detoxifying (a Chinese Janus word); [neurosis, toxic ideas, a closed mind] ; (to be) fixated, degenerating, deteriorating, decaying

gu3M:3479drumming, beating, banging (on, upon)

gu3M:3483valley, depression, rut, hollow; (the) valley v

gu3M:3490grains, grasses, cereals

gu4M:3450certainly, firmly, surely, decidedly 42.3x

gu4M:3455(and) accordingly, according to, as, as such, because, consequently, for, given this/that, hence, just as, since, so, so that, that, then, therefore, thus, on purpose, such as, such is, such that; before, in the past; assuming that, for the time being, for this reason, in such a case, in this way; that then (it/this); that accordingly; so?; (a, the) antecedent, cause, given, phenomenon, fact, matter, precedent, pretext, prior condition, purpose, reason (being) (of/for/to); old; (to) asssume (that), cause, come before, confer, give, lead to, precede, (s, ed, ing); formerly; because of, due to

gu4M:3484(and) (hand)cuffs, manacles, (restraints)

gu4M:8003(a) pen, corral, stable, enclosure; confinement

gua1M:3504(the) melons, gourds (v)

gua3M:3517few, scarce, lessening, diminishing [returns]

guai1M:3532strangeness, contradiction, oddness; crafty, perverse

guai4M:3535(to be) decisive, resolute, certain, committed, resolved, determined, decided, serious; (to) determine, decide, resolve, commit (to), indict, execute, cut off, censure, displace, purge, uproot, eradicate, divide, part ways, make a breach (s, ed, ing); (a, the) disclosure, resolution, decision (to), decisiveness, satiety; certainly, seriously, decisively, resolutely,

guan1M:3552(the) standards, objectives; authority, ruler (s)

guan1M:3571(the) frontier (,) pass gates

guan1M:3575(to) attend, behold, comprehend, consider, contemplate, divine, evaluate, examine, gaze (at, upon), gaze with concentration, look (at/for/to), observe, perceive, see, study, view, watch, scry, regard (s, ed, ing); (a, the) comprehension, observation, perception, perspective, prospect, scenery, sight, view, vista

guan4M:3566(a) string(line), line, thread; [suc-, pro- cession]

guan4M:3569(a, the) cleansing, purification, hand ablution

guang1M:3583(a, the) light, honor, favor, regard, glory, illumination, splendor, praise, distinction, (light of) example, illustration,‘star’ quality, display, brightness, glare, honor, regard; (to be) revealing, revealed, shown (to be), showing, illuminating, clear, illustrating, illustrated, illustrative, illustrious, luminous, brillint, light, enlightening, exemplifying, exemplary, conspicuous, distinct, revealed, illumined, illuminated, lit (up), glorious, bright, known, shining, distinguished, (made) known, obvious, naked, bare, only; (to) enlighten, show, illuminate, shed light on, shine, sparkle, exemplify, illustrate, do honor to (s, ed, ing)

gui1M:3609(the, one’s) (jade) seal of office, credential (s) +

gui1M:3617(a, the) betrothal, engagement, homecoming, marriage, new home; return; (to) belong, (come, go, take, turn) back; bring home (around, again), come (back) home, restore, return, revert, bring to; send, go (back, home) (to); (give) in marriage, marry, gave ... in marriage; be persuaded, capitulate, give in, become loyal, change loyalties, submit, turn over to; go to new home (s, ed, ing); (to be) restored; to where ... belongs; where to turn

gui1M:3621tortoise, turtle

gui3M:3633(a) (simple bamboo) basket, tureen of rice

gui3M:3634souls, ghosts, demons

gui4M:3636honoring, respecting, valuing, esteeming (&)

guo2M:3738(a, the) capital (city), city, country, domain, dominion, dynasty, empire, estate, land, province, quarter, realm, region, state, territory, seat of government

guo3M:3732^with thoroughness; (to) fruition, maturity

guo4M:3730(to) go beyond, go past, exceed, surpass, transcend, miss, stray from, pass (by, over); bypass, get by, transgress, trespass, stray, err, 425 inundate, predominate, exceed proper limits (s, ed, ing); (to be) passing, transient, errant, past, in excess, extreme, exceptional, too much (of), excessive, beyond, above, overly, unusual, extraordinary; greater/larger than; (a, the) error, transgression, fault, excess(iveness) (s); will err; to a fault, to extremity, to excess, to extremes

H52 characters

hai4M:2015(a, the) harm, trouble, damage, hurt, injury, disadvantage, offense, grievance, suffering, victimization; (to be) harmed, injured, damaged, hindered, obstructed, aggrieved, hurt; harmful, troubling, damaging, hurtful, injurious, destructive; (to) suffer, fear; harm, injure, destroy, offend against, damage, do injury, hurt, haunt, frighten (s, ed, ing); [-himsa]

han2M:2017(a) restrain, contain, withold, reserve (ed, ing) 44.5

han2M:2048cold, icy, cool, chilly

han4M:2028(as, like) perspiration, sweat

han4M:2042^winged, (to be) on wings, soaring, in flight

hao3M:2062(to) applaud, laud, praise, prefer, elect (s, ing)

hao4M:2064(to) call out, cry out, call/cry for help, signal, proclaim, summon, cry, howl, scream, shout, roar, complain, lament, wail, weep, bewail, appeal (s, ed, ing); (a, the) appeal, plea, request, outcry, expression, proclamation, complaint, signal, summons, order, declaration, complaint, cry for help, wailing, alarm, cry of alarm; mark, sign, signal, designation he2, 4 2109 1f 9+5 09.1 how; how (is/are) ... it, this, these, they?; how can/could ... be?; how much ...?; where, where ...?, where is ... it/this/the?; why, why is/would ... it/this (be)?; what, what is/was ... it/this?; what do(es) ... it/this?; what is the point in/of?; did/would (it/this/they) not ...?; which ...?; for what reason?; for that reason; he4 at 21.6, 50.4x, 62.1x & 62.3x: (to) bear (with), carry, receive, support, undertake, uphold, wear; submit to, discover, find, uncover (s, ed, ing); to have borne; (a, the) undertaking, task, load, burden, responsibility; (to be) subject to, responsible (for)

he2M:2109wearing, bearing, carrying

he2M:2111v (a, the) river(s) v

he2M:2115(a, the) agreement, attunement, peace, conciliation, harmony, resonance, rhyme, balance, concert, concord; (to be) agreeable, amiable, concordant, content (with), gentle, harmonious, kindly, mild, on good terms with, peaceful, responsive, (well) favored; (to) agree with, answer, blend with, harmonize with, respond to, reply to, mix with, reconcile, make correct proportions (s, ed, ing); with

he2M:2117(to) join (in), converge, convene, concur, cooperate, come together, meet, match, mate, accord, couple, pair, harmonize, integrate, unite, unify, combine, collect, convene; gather/put together; agree, share (with), match, suit, correspond, answer, accommodate; shut, close, enclose, fold up (s, ed, ing); (to be) together (with), in accord with, close, joint, joined in, in unison, in harmony (with), side by side, shared, multiple, unified, integrated, convergent, harmonizing, unifying, integrating; (a, the) combination, unification, union, intercourse, agreement, harmony, concordance, convergence, suitability (of)

he2M:2119(are) gather, unite, assemble, join (ed)

he2M:2120(to be) through, together, closed, closing; (to) consolidate, bite, eat, chew, join the teeth; close, shut, unite, join (s, ed, ing); noisily, loudly, completely; as ke4: suddenly, promptly 426

he2M:2122how; what, when, where

he4M:2131(of) (a, the) crane

he4M:2134(are) sharply; (are) scolded; clamoring

heng1M:2099(a, the) fulfillment, satisfaction, (merited) success, completion, completeness, triumph, consummation, thoroughness, development, accomplishment, (personal) growth, efficacy, observances; offerings, sacrifices, presentations; gratitude, reverence; (to) fulfill, observe, make sacrifice, present offerings, make (an) offering, offer fulfillment(s), fulfill duties, pervade, penetrate, go through, prevail, succeed; imbue, fill up (s, ed, ing); (to be) fulfilled, full, suffused, satisfying, satisfactory, successful, complete, smooth, consummate, thorough; spirit penetrates, takes possession; (often carries an intentional double meaning: to fulfill a prerequisite for fulfillment. To make an offering or sacrifice was the earlier meaning from Shang times. It is used this way four times in the Zhouyi and in both senses at 50.T. The Yi’s emphasis on fulfilling first-things- first anticipates Maslow).

heng2M:2107(a, the) duration, continuity, continuance, endurance, steadiness, constancy, consistency, longevity, sustainability; (what, that which) endures, survives; (to be) regular, enduring, lasting, chronic, continuing, persistent, persisting, continuous, perennial, perpetual, prolonged, constant, throughout; (to) last in, go on, endure (changes), continue, persevere, stay, perpetuate, prolong (s, -ed, -ing); constantly, lastingly, persistently, always, continuously, regularly, perseveringly

hong2M:2380(the) vast(ness), expanse(s), breadth, space

hong2M:2386(a, the) wild goose, wild geese, swans; far reaching, vast, lofty, profound, learned; (symbol of fidelity)

hou2M:2135(a, the) (lord, skilled) archer, (feudatory) prince, chief, duke, marquis, leader, delegate, governor, lord, noble; priorities; target (s); (to be) princely, beautiful, excellent

hou4M:2143(to be) after, behind, subsequent, last, later, next, at the back, in back of; late, later, late in coming, late to come, tardy, after; (to) be behind, come after, follow, lag, succeed, trail; defer, postpone, place/put behind/last; attend, support (s, ed, ing); (a, the) back (of), consequence(s), end, ending, trail, wake; descendant, future, heir, posterity, successor; then, and then, at last, subsequently, then follows with, followed by; afterwards, secondly, after that

hou4M:2144(the, their) heirs, offspring [of this union]

hou4M:2147(with) tolerance, generosity (ly); genuinely

hu1M:2154preposition: alongside, beneath, along with, at, beside, by, from, herein, in, into, of, on, through, to, towards, upon, with, within; with regard to, in the place of, on the side of; than; inner; lies; here; (interj:) how, so, such, what ... !; ...!; (final interrogative:) is/does it/this (not) ...?; right, so, true ?; ...?; (to) achieve (this), attain (to), reach (s, ed, ing)

hu2M:2184(long)bow

hu2M:2185foxes; fox

hu3M:2161(a, the) tiger(’s)

hu4M:2180households, families

hua2M:2217flowers, blossoms

hua4M:2211(to) change, alter, transform, transfigure, mature, evolve, reform, convert, turn, transmute, assume form, take form (of), influence; melt, smelt (metal), dissolve, thaw (s, ed, ing); (to be) changed, transformed, altered, converted, transfigured, assimilated, consumed; (a, the) metamorphosis, change, reform, evolution, conversion, transformation, maturation 427

huai2M:2233embracing, holding closely, cherishing

huan2M:2236(all) around, surrounding, encirling, delaying

huan3M:2242letting go, loosening, slackening, release

huan4M:2240suffering, calamity, misery, affliction, grief

huan4M:2252(a, the) diffusion, sublimation, distillation, evaporation, rarifaction, broadcast (as seed); [change of state]; (to) disperse, scatter, distribute, disseminate, dispel, break up, disintegrate, dissolve, clear up, relax, relieve, melt, vanish, diffuse, evaporate, flow in scattered directions, rarify; fade, relent, give way, succumb (s, ed, ing); (to be) slack, broad, swelling, wide, scattered, diffuse, evanescent, dispersed, volatile;

huang1M:2271(the) wild(erness), uncultivated; sparingly +

huang2M:2295(the) moat [a dry ditch at the base of a wall ]

huang2M:2297(to be) golden, yellow, harvest gold, yellow brown, earth yellow; (color of the loess soil in central China). Except at 49.1, refers to the central line. Per Sima Qian, yellow metal was the most valued, then white, then red.

hui1M:2319brightness, light, radiance, sunshine, flame

hui1M:2323resplendent, splendid, glowing, bright, light

hui1M:2354(braided, three-stranded, good, strong) rope

hui1M:2356(with, to) candid; wave, fly (ing) (the) banner

hui3M:2336(a. the) regret(s), repentance, remorse, contrition; (to) regret, repent (s, ed, ing); (to be) regrettable; remorseful, contrite, repentant; thoughtless; [errors of thoughtlessness]

hui4M:2337nightfall, dusk, dark, darkness, twilight

hui4M:2339(and) (be) kind-; kind, gracious, benevolent

hui4M:2349(whole) cluster, group, bunch; kindred, sort "

hun1M:2360(but) a marital, marriage-minded "

huo3M:2395(a, the) fire, flame, light (s)

huo4M:2207(to, the) harvest, reap, yield, cut

huo4M:2402perhaps (...or maybe); may/might (be); (most) likely, maybe, perchance, possibly, probably, seemingly, seem (s, ed, ing) to be; tentatively; if, as if, if only, supposing that, were there; in some cases, some chance of, sometime(s), at times, other times, often; somehow, (in) some way, whether; some, someone, somebody (who), something (which), others; either ... or; (the) one ... another, (the) other; something; or, or else; (to be) doubtful, hypothetical, indefinite, possible, uncertain

huo4M:2412(to) capture, catch, take, take in hunting, trap, net, hit, seize, grasp, hold, find, get, obtain, apprehend, steal, acquire, gain, secure, succeed; entail, involve (s, -ed, -ing); (a, the) success, game, quarry, plunder, prisoner, prey, captive, acquisition, spoil (s); to be able

J91 characters

ji1M:0402^(of) Ji (ancient Shang state); ^

ji1M:0409(is) discerning, aware; reads the subtle signs

ji1M:0411support, platform, prop, step (s) [crutch] +

ji1M:0461(and) climb, ascend, scale, scramble (s, ing)

ji1M:0464offer (up), give, grant, bestow, furnish (ing)

ji1M:0481smiting, striking, beating, assaulting, hitting

ji1M:0500(is) collected, gathered, accumulated

ji2M:0468extend, reach (out to), connect (s) with

ji2M:0472(and) (to) draw, gather, take from, upon

ji2M:0476(to be) promising, fortunate, opportune, auspicious, happy, good, felicitous, lucky, timely, fortuitous, favorable, propitious, positive, hopeful; (a, the) opportunity, promise, hope, good auspice (s); luck, good luck, good timing, 428 good fortune, happiness, well-being; (to) bode well, promise, (give) hope (s, ed, ing); all is well; supportive circumstances

ji2M:0484(v) pivotal, perfect; crucial, optimum (of)(v) +

ji2M:0486thorny brambles, briars, thorns, [detention]

ji2M:0492(a, the) urgency, haste, hurry, distress, pain, disease, ills, sickness, anxiety, worry, illness, suffering, affliction, ailment, dis-ease, disorder, defect, pressure, stress, rush; (to be) urgent, hasty, hurried, pressured, anxious, aggrieved, jealous, worried, afflicted, sick, ill, aching; distressed, rushed, energetic, frantic

ji2M:0494thorny; thorns, thistles, caltrops

ji2M:0495pursue, chase, hunt, stalk (ing); in pursuit of

ji3M:0429one’s (own), personal, private

ji4M:0432avoided, shunned, kept distant, prevented

ji4M:0452(is, are) continuous, connected, coherent (ly)

ji4M:0453(is/are, has/have) after, already, as long as, at last, entirely, finally, having, now that, once, since, upon, when (finished, done), while, whilst, (to) attain, complete, have done, be done with, end, exhaust, finish, get ... done (s, ed, ing); (to be) completed, consummated, de facto, done, finished, past, fixed, certain; end of event, particle of perfect tense

ji4M:0459(to be) complete, across, done, finished, accomplished, numerous; stately, dignified, beautiful, up to standard; of help, assistance; across (a, the) river, stream; (to) complete, conclude, succeed, finish, fulfill, perfect, achieve, increase, accomplish, stop, cease, ford, cross; (a, the) river, stream; benefit, contribute to, aid, assist, help, relieve, save, overcome an obstacle (s, ed, ing); (a, the) accomplishment, completion, obstacle overcome

ji4M:0465to give, offer up; worship; sacrifice

ji4M:0467meet here, interface; (common) boundary

ji4M:0504(and) (the) (altar)(s) (to) grain, millet

jia1M:0592excellence, quality; (the) excellent, credible

jia1M:0594(a, the) family, house, household, home, dwelling, domestic affair, clan, class, profession, relative (s); (ruling) families; familiar, kindred; school of thought, specialist; (to be) familial, familiar, at home, domestic, indoors; (to) keep a household; live with, together (s, ed, ing); (a, the) family’s, household’s

jia2M:0614} jawbones: (and) mandible, jowls

jia3M:0599comes, goes to, draws near to; approaches "

jia3M:0610(the) beginning, start, new cycle, departure +

jian1M:0825solid, firm, hard, hardened, solidified

jian1M:0830combine, unite, join (ed, ing), [integrating ]

jian1M:0834(to be) difficult, troublesome, distressing, hard, laborious, tedious, wearisome, hard gotten, trying; (a, the) difficulty, distress, hardship, trouble, trial, problem (s); bad news

jian1M:0866(is) (a, but a) meager, shabby, pitiful, scanty

jian3M:0843(a, an, the) impasse, obstacle, impediment, drawback, setback, obstruction, difficulty, misfortune, fault, holdup, detour, limp, complication, handicap; (to) go lame, limp, walk lame, stumble (s, ed ing); (to be) halting, hobbled, proud, arrogant, impassable, obstructed, complicated, set back, held up, detained, deterred, interrupted; defective

jian3M:0848(is) restrained, frugal; conserves, reserves

jian4M:0853to enlist, appoint, install, establish, set up "

jian4M:0854(to be) vigorous, dynamic, ardent, strong, robust, healthy, sturdy, stout, tenacious, compelling, lasting, constant; (a, the) strength, lasting vigor, health, robustness; (to) set up, establish, persevere, invigorate, strengthen, empower (s, ed, ing); inexhaustibly, energetically, with lasting vigor

jian4M:0859key, note; linch-pin; perhaps u.f. jian 0854, (glossary)

jian4M:0860(to) catch sight of, envision, look at, observe, perceive, see, spy, view, visualize, watch, witness; apprehend, be exposed to, call upon, consult, encounter, experience, have audience with, interview, meet (with), notice, receive, refer to, visit; appear, appear to be show up; display, reveal, exhibit, flaunt, manifest, show (s, ed, ing); (a, the) consciousness; sight, vision, advice respectfully sought; (to be) exposed (to), found, in view (of), seen, viewed, visible; consciously

jian4M:0868(and) (the) disregarded, undervalued, base, mean

jian4M:0872(in) offering (^ ) (up) (^ ), presenting, giving

jian4M:0878(to) advance gradually, increasingly, advance by degrees, go little by little, go bit by bit, go steadily, make gradual progress, make steady progress, pace oneself, progress gradually, develop into; seep into, soak, saturate (s, ed, ing); (a, the) proceedings, formalities, details, protocol, patient progress, (gradual, steady) advance, progress; (to be) next, slight; gradually, increasingly

jian4M:0880(is, are) ever, always, continuously (flowing)

jiang1M:0643(a, the) boundary, border, interface, limit, barrier, limitation, restraint, constraint, hindrance, restriction, end, proscription (s); (to) delimit, demarcate (s, -ed, -ing); (draw, drawing) boundaries, borders, limits, lines, edges; [conditionally]

jiang3M:0645(in, for) discussion, conversation, study, talk

jiao1M:0702(to) interact, communicate, interrelate, have reations with, contact, exchange, do business, bargain, trade, deal, (com)mingle, share, join, engage, unite, combine, relate, intertwine, adjoin, mix, flow, hand to, hand over, deliver, pay (s, ed, ing) (with); (a, the) commerce, deal(ings), confluence, convergence, interaction, association, commitment, contract, exchange (of), intercourse, sharing, familiarity (with); meeting place; (to be) interchanged, exchanged, switched, swapped, interacting, mutual, reciprocal, traded, reversed, crossed, contiguous, intersecting; each other

jiao1M:0714(the) outskirts, periphery, horizon, frontier

jiao1M:0719instructs, teaches, directs, guides (and)

jiao3M:1174horns, [ contentiousness, direction ]

jie1M:0620completely, entirely, altogether; all (of them)

jie1M:0621^ together, jointly, as a pair, in unison, accord "

jie1M:0625(is) by, in steps, degrees, grades, stages

jie1M:0763lam ent, complaint, sigh, groan, moan (s, ing)

jie1M:0800meet, connect, interrelate

jie2M:0795(to be) restrained, constrained, moderate, temperate, controlled, limited, regular, defined, definite, articulated; (a, the) limit, restraint, constraint, limitation, regulation, (regular) division, rule, law, moderation, temperance, control, discipline, term, boundary, condition, articulation, article, joint, node, knot, period, time, degree, detail, section, segment, juncture, chapter, abridgement (s); (in due, duly) proportioned, in proper balance; (to) regulate, discriminate (s, ed, ing)

jie3M:0626(to) release, relieve, discharge, let go (of), dispel, allay, dismiss, loosen, untie, relax, undo, untangle, liberate, free, alleviate, remove, temper, mitigate, deliver, separate, open up, break up, disperse, interpret, solve, dissolve, resolve, settle, explain, understand, comprehend, get rid of, be free of, divide; cut, pull open, apart (s, ed, ing); (a, the) solution(s), liberty, freedom, relief, release, delivery, deliverance, liberation, disaggregation, disintegration

jie4M:0627limit, guard, defend (ing); defenses, vigilance

jie4M:0628coerced, enjoined, conscripted, compelled

jie4M:0629resolved, bound(ed), set, [inscribed] ; harder

jie4M:0767(for, the) cushion(s, ing), (offering) mats +

jin1M:1057(a, the) metal, bronze, money, wealth, funds, funding, fines, fees, gold, coins, riches; (to be) metallic, gilded, moneyed, wealthy, precious; of money, wealth, bronze

jin4M:1061near, close (to, by)

jin4M:1088(to) advance, progress, grow, develop, extend, prosper, increase, improve, enter (upon), make progress, lead, introduce, present, insert (s, ed, ing); (to be) forward, advanced, far along; (a, the) growth, advancement, progression, promotion, development

jin4M:1091(to) advance, climb, move/send/bring forward; press, push, go, urge (ahead/forward); enter, get into, (make) progress, evolve, exert oneself, lead, enter, approach, bring in; promote, proffer, present, recommend, suggest; propose, offer, introduce (s, ed, ing); (go) forth, forward, ahead; (to be) promoted, advanced, progressive, insert; (a, the) forward movement, expansion, advance, progress; advances, gains, ups

jin4M:1092penetrates, saturates, pools; sinks, soaks in 33.T

jing1M:1123(a, the) classic, classic book, scripture, canon, norm, standard, practice, constant, meridian, plan (s); warp of fabric (dist. wei, woof, or apocrypha); (to) regulate, direct, plan, continue; [diachronics, lines of meaning running through the fabric of time]

jing1M:1140terrify, startle, disturb, frighten, confuse (s) +

jing4M:1138(due) regard, respect, attention

jing4M:1143(a, the) well, source, wellspring, nucleus, mine, center of social activity, constant; (a, the) well’s; a system of 8 private fields around a common center 430

jing4M:1154(and, or) rest, stillness, calm; rest, be still +

jiu3M:1188(to) continue, endure, last, go on, last/take long, persevere, persist (in), survive, await (s, ed, ing); (to be) ancient, chronic, classic, continued, prolonged, protracted, sustained; long, long since, (long) continued, lasting, lived, sustained; enduring, surviving; (a, the) long time (ago), longevity; long since; as long as; (after, for) so long, a long time, so long a time, all this time; finally

jiu3M:1198(a, the) nine; nine times, ninefold, ninth

jiu3M:1208wine, drink, spirits, refreshment

jiu4M:1190suffering, distress, remorse

jiu4M:1192(a, the) blame, reproach, guilt, fault (found), error, mistake, wrong, failure, harm (done), defect, flaw, misfortune, wickedness, calamity, guilt; (to) blame, find fault, censure, reproach, do harm (s, ed, ing); (to be) mistaken, blameworthy, bad, wrong, responsible, culpable, faulty, erroneous, unworthy, guilty, harmful, mistaken, inauspicious

jiu4M:1205long-standing, conventional, familiar, classic

jiu4M:1210(has, have) gone, come around, circlulated v

ju1M:1535(to) abide, be, dwell, embody, hold, inhabit, lay claim, linger, live, lodge, practice, remain, reside, settle, set down, sit, stand, stay (at, in, still, to); occupy (a, the) position of; assert, claim, hold, maintain, (that); wait for, await, rest (in), lay by, store up, stockpile, hoard (s, ed, ing); (a, the) repose, contentment (with), practice (of), abode, dwelling, home, household, residence, place, position, station; stockpiles, stores, settlement, homestead; (to be) in, inside, within; at home, content, comfortable, domestic, secure (in, with) tranquil, satisfied, settled; easily; in the end

ju1M:1542seize, capture, catch, lay hold of, arrest (them)

ju4M:1560fear, dread, apprehension, alarm; daunted

ju4M:1563seize; grab, grasp, hold, take (ing) possesssion

ju4M:1572sandaled feet; poor shoes, footwear

ju4M:1581(a, the) assembly, collection, congregation, gathering, meeting, reunion; hamlet, village, meeting place; (to) accumulate, bring together, assemble, collect, come together, concentrate, congregate, convene, converge, gather (together), get together, meet (s, ed, ing); ap ji4

jue2M:1175(a, the) flat, horizontal branch; level roost +

jue2M:1179decanter, goblet, carafe, bottle of wine

jue2M:1680their, his, her, your

jue2M:1697(a, the) rupture; debacle; (to be) broken through, decisive; (to) break open, break through, cut off, decide, displace, execute, open (up), open a passage, rupture, sentence, settle (s, ed, ing); firmly, absolutely, assuredly, decidedly

jue2M:1700parting or dying words; farewell; secret, revelation

jue2M:1703(it) bre ak, part, separate from; leave (s, ing)

jue2M:1704(in) wild-eyed; right and left

jun1M:1715(a, the) aristocrat, chief, gentleman, leader, head, lady, lord, master, monarch, noble(man, woman), prince, ruler, sir, sovereign, superior; dominion, leadership, nobility, sovereignty; (to be) honored, honorable, noble, responsible, respectable, superior, worthy

jun4M:1729dig, jump, dive (ing) in, deep; entrenching

K25 characters

kai1M:3204establish, found, proclaim, institute, open (s)

kan3M:3245(a, the) pit, pitfall, hole, cavity, snare, trap, canyon, chasm, defile, gorge, depth, precipice, grave, risk, exposure, danger, dangerous position, dangerous place, crisis, exigency, critical situation; gravity; water necessity (s); (to) trap, entrap, bury in a pit; (a, the) pit’s, canyon’s, chasm’s, risk’s; (a pun)

kan4M:3252(and) honk(ing); calls, echoes, sounds of

kang1M:3278(the) prosperous, exalted; ^Kang(shou Feng)

kang4M:3273(a, the) arrogant, excessive, pretentious, proud

kao3M:3299(and) examine, investigate, inspect (ing)

ke3M:3381(to) accept, accommodate, adapt, approve, admit, allow, ask, bear (with), befit, call (for, out, up), consent (to), incite, incur, indicate, suit, invite, permit, prescribe, submit, tolerate, (s, ed, ing); (to be) able, about, acceptable, amenable, accommodating, all right, appropriate, apt, asked, befitting, called (for), calling, competent, conducive, convenient, capable, deserving, due, easy, enough, fit, fitting, friendly, good, likely, possible, potential, inclined, inviting, proper, ready, right, satisfactory, sufficient, suggesting, suitable, suited, welcome, willing, worthy (of, to, for); (that, which) can, could, may, might, should [conditionally] (be); can (then) be; can/may ... be; to need/be worth doing; may there be; easily; -able. Ke3 is sometimes legitimately but more often mistakenly glossed as Ke4 (3320) or Neng2 (4648), both of which imply the power to overcome circumstances rather than the more passive capacity or power to enter, adapt to and incorporate them

ke4M:3320can, can do, can manage, can master; (to be, is, are) able, capable, fit, competent, adequate, willing, possible, equal, up (of, for, to); self- controlled; (to) conquer, overcome, manage, subdue, vanquish, dominate, crush, capture, sustain, master, win, command, control, predominate, enable, allow, support, carry, restrain, set a limit (s, ed, ing); (a, the) capacity, skill, power, ability, abilities, competence, command (of); adequacy, fitness (to); adequacy, fitness; exploit, conquest 431

ke4M:3324visitors, guests, callers; visit

kong3M:3721( ^, the) fear, dread, anxiety, terror ( ^) 51.T

kou3M:3434(to) (the) mouth [the length of food chain ]

kou4M:3444(a, the) transgression, predation, enmity, offense, tyranny, transgressor, predator, enemy, outcast, adversary, invader, robber, thief, assailant, bandit, plunderer, highwayman, brigand, charlatan, fraud, lawbreaker, criminal (s); (to) rob, plunder, steal, invade (s, ed, ing); [in your face, not stealthy; robbery as opposed to burglary]

ku1M:3492(a, the) withered, dried up, tired (old)

ku3M:3493bitter, galling, embittering, harsh, severe 60.6

kuai4M:3547happy, gratified, cheer(ful); (at) ease, peace + "

kuang1M:3598(a, the) basket, (square, woven) box

kuang4M:3603(so, how) much more (so, true); compare "

kui1M:3642sacrifices, slaughters, stabs, cuts open

kui1M:3649(a) pry, spy, peep (ing) (as thru door cracks)

kui1M:3650diminishes, decreases, reduces, lessens

kui2M:3660(to be) estranged, separated, distant, weird, dissociated, divergent, separate(d), removed, polarized, contrary, unusual, strange, alien, foreign, opposed, in opposition, diametrically opposed; (a, the) disparity, estrangement, separation, polarity; eyes not aligned, moving separately

kui4M:3669making, preparing food, meals; cooking

kun1M:3684(to) receive, accept, absorb, substantiate, realize (s, ed, ing); (a, the) receiving, acceptance, compliance, substance, matter, material, field (of options), potential, basis, support, ground, capacity, earth; (to be) subordinate, humble(r), passive, accepting, compliant; the earth; (a, the) female, rou or yin principle

kun4M:3688(a, the) affliction, oppression, extremity, distress, exhaustion, fatigue, anxiety, entanglement; (to be) distressed, afflicted, beset, oppressed, surrounded, beaten, impoverished, diminished, belabored, bothered, disheartened, exhausted, fatigued, tired (out), vexed, trapped, beseiged, surrounded, confined, entangled, pressured, constrained, hard pressed, pinned down, penned in, squeezed, enclosed, (nearly) defeated (by, in, with); extreme; (to) obstruct, distress, exhaust (s, ed, ing)

kuo4M:3519(a) tied up; (en)closed, bound in; tying up

L52 characters

lai2M:3768(to) come, came, will come (with, to, forward, back, closer), arrive (with), approach, appear, arise, show up, bring (about, with), prompt, invite, encourage, draw, attract, move toward; emerge, take place, crop up (s, ed, ing); (to be) attracted, brought about, drawn, enticed, encouraged; coming, emerging, emergent, future, next, upcoming, approaching; (a, the) coming, arrival

lai2M:3769(in, when) declare, pronounce, ordain (ing)

lan4M:3794overripeness, rot, decay, compost; overcooked

lao2M:3826(a, the) diligent(ce), hard work(ing), labor

lao3M:3833(an, the) old, older, aged, aging, elder, senior

le4M:3841(leather) restraint, harness, bridle; to coerce

le4M:4129(and) happy; (with) pleasure, cheer, rejoicing

lei2M:4236(a, the) thunder, shock; (to be) thundering, terrible, terrifying, unnerving, shocking, reverberating

lei2M:4240(and) entangles(ing); (is) caught; damages

lei3M:4235(and) vines, lianas

lei4M:4244(a, the) kindred (spirit, group), kind (of); like kind, type, class, category, sort, group, relation, species, peer (s); shared qualities; taxonomy; (to be) similar, like, alike, related, akin, kindred; (a) good ...; like, up to standard, 432 according to theme, typical, in character; (to) characterize, categorize, classify, sort (s, ed, ing)

li2M:3877brambles; (and) brambles, briars

li2M:3902(to) rise, arise, radiate, diverge, separate, contrast, depart, differ, digress, part, get distance, distinguish (from, out of); articulate, leave, spread out, stand out, move on, abandon, choose (one), decide, part, cut, divide, distribute, arrange, set out, pass on, pass through, hang down, hang from (s, ed, ing); (to be) distinct, different, diverse, diversified, divided, separated, off, away (from), distant, apart (from), without; pendant, dependent, dispersed, independent (of); (a, the) arising, rearising, departure, removal, distinction, divergence, division, separation, distance, difference (from); radiance, display, fire, flame, firelight, highlight; net; vis a vis each other; a bird, esp. an oriole (colorful contrast); figure ground relationships; the root of the English word "existence" is to stand out or stand forth; "When Li birds sing, silk worms grow" Shuowen

li3M:3857li (around); villages ; } [50 km; 32 miles ]

li3M:3886propriety, manners, courtesy, respect

li3M:3886propriety, manners, courtesy, respect

li4M:3867(to be) advantageous, beneficial, better, effective, favorable, gainful, meriting, profitable, productive, rewarding, worth, worthwhile, warranting, acute, astute, clever, cutting, incisive, keen, sharp (witted), sharpened, shrewd, witty; earned, rewarded by, (turned) to advantage, with merit; (of) advantage, benefit, profit, value, (to); (to) benefit (from, by), earn, help, exploit, favor, gain, harvest, merit, profit, reap, reward, serve to, take advantage of, turn to advantage, make the most of, optimize, warrant (s, ed, ing); (a, the) advantage, benefit, favor, gain, merit, profit, reward, value, worth; dueness, fitness; harvest (of), grounds for; formation, fruition, nourishment (implies a return on time and energy invested, whereas ji2 (0476) is often simply a question of being in the right place at the right time)

li4M:3906(to be) harsh, difficult, strict, rigorous, stern, severe, acute, grinding, stringent, serious, dangerous, oppressive, brutal, cruel, adverse, bad, hard (to do), distressing, troublesome, stressful, tyrannical, wicked, menacing; (a, the) grind, grindstone, whetstone, difficulty, struggle, trouble, hardship, adversity, danger, pressure, threat, severity, distress, harshness, suppression, disease (s); (to) discipline, endanger, have difficulty(-ies), grind, sharpen, hone, polish, perfect (s, ed, ing); harshly, strictly, brutally, severely; in distress; threats of failure or trouble

li4M:3912watches over, oversees, attends to, manages

li4M:3914(to be) contingent, conditioned, conditional, dependent, depending, reliant (on, upon); attached, assigned, joined, conjoined, fastened, tied, connected, clinging (to); mutual, interconnected, interdependent; graceful, beautiful, refined, well-proportioned, good, elegant, radiant, handsome, splendid; (to) rely, depend (on, upon); cling together, join, conjoin, fasten, attach, connect (s, ed, ing); (a, the) dependence, conditionality, conditioning, reliance; antelope

li4M:3921stands; takes, makes a (v) stand v

li4M:3930(the) calendar(s), signs of heaven, ephemeris

lian2M:4009alliance(s), allies, connections, continuity

lian2M:4012flowing, running ^ water; ^ in (a) stream(s)

liang2M:3941(a) fine, good, desirable; (an) excellent

liang3M:3953^ twice, two times, again

lie4M:3984separate, divide; arrange, rank; line (d, ing) up

lie4M:3987(is, has) (a) clear, clean, pure, limpid

lin2M:4022(the) forest(’s); (the) ^ (the) forest, woods

lin2M:4027(a, the) management, undertaking, oversight, responsibility, supervision, commitment, accession, prospect, project, prospectus; exalted approach; (to) supervise, oversee, manage, take command, take charge, commit (oneself), arrive, near, approach, go to, be about to, view from above, look down on, look in 433 on, inspect, condescend to, favor (s, ed, ing); (to be) temporary, provisional, ad hoc, near to, about to, on the brink of, imminent, at hand; [rolling up sleeves, getting down and dirty]

lin2M:4033(a, the) neighbor, extended family, associate, assistant, connection; vicinity, locality, (one’s) neighborhood; (to be) nearby, neighboring, in the neighborhood, local, next, contiguous, adjacent, in the vicinity of, close by

lin4M:4040(a, an, the) embarrassment, disgrace, misery, poverty, humiliation, meanness, baseness, shame, regret, chagrin, inadequacy, wretchedness, deficiency; avarice, stinginess, greed; (to be) embarrassing, disgraceful, poor, humiliating, mean, shameful, regrettable, inadequate, miserly, stingy; miserable, wretched, ashamed, embarrassed, abashed; (too) little, spare, sparing, sparse

ling2M:4067hill(s), ridge, mound; ground

ling2M:4071spirit, medicine, magic, mystery, divine

liu2M:4080flow into, assume, permeate, fulfill (their)

liu2M:4083prolonged, protracted, drawn out; delays of

liu4M:4189(a, the) six; six times, sextuple, sixfold, sixth

long2M:4255holds, bears, curves up(ward); (is) ample +

long2M:4258(a, the) dragon(s); (a, the) dragon’s; extraordinary ability, sovereignty, authority, higher purpose

lou4M:4152(and) leaking, leaky, dripping, trickling

lu2M:4158(their)(own) hovels, shacks, shanties, slums*

lu3M:3893(to) step, take steps, take a step, tread, walk, trample (on, upon); perform, conduct oneself, carry (on, out), honor, fulfill (s, ed, ing); (a, the) step, footstep (s); shoes, sandals; conduct, behavior, path, track, performance, ceremony, function; respectful conduct, heedful conduct

lu3M:4286(a, the) wanderer, traveler, itinerant, guest, vagabond, stranger, wayfarer, visitor; wandering; order, sequence, arrangement; backbone, spine, strength; (to) travel, drift, wander, sojourn; dispose, arrange (to be) wandering, traveling, visiting, itinerant, temporary, provisional, ad hoc; a unit of 500 troops

lu4M:4191(on)(the) dry land, high ground, hilltop, slope

lu4M:4196payment, compensation, credit, recompense

lu4M:4203(a, the) deer, doe, stag, antelope, hind

lu4M:4297code, order, rule, regulation (s); a tune +

luan2M:4300^ (a) bond, contract 61.5

luan4M:4220(to be) confused (by, with), disordered, perplexed, distracted, disorderly, chaotic, erratic, tangled, random, indiscriminate, arbitrary, out of place, in disarray, wild, irregular, disturbed, promiscuous; (a, the) confusion, chaos, upheaval, commotion, distraction, disorder, perplexity, turmoil, disarray, entanglement, disturbance, mess; trouble, discord, anarchy, rebellion; (to) confuse, entangle, perplex, distract, upset, rebel, make trouble, overturn; put in order, restore order, govern, sort out (s, ed, ing); to cross a river

lun2M:4252(from, and) weft, woof; the lines, threads +

lun2M:4254wheels, cartwheels "

luo2M:4099(bird) netting, sieve; to bestow, spread out

M38 characters

ma3M:4310(a, the) horse(s), steed, stallion, charger, courser; horseman, horsemen

man3M:4326satis fies, completes, abounds, suffices; is full

mang3M:4354(a, the) underbrush, thicket, bushes, weeds

mao2M:4364thatch, mao grass; reeds "

mao4M:4580prospered, flourished, thrived, developed

mei2M:8004neck and shoulders, upper back, trapezius

mei4M:4410(a, the) little sister, younger sister, maiden, virgin, girl, daughter of second wife, step sister; young sister’s, little sister’s

mei4M:4411(and) obscurity, darkness, confusion; blindly

mei4M:4412stardust, star spray, [ the milky way]

mei4M:4456gownsleeves; embroidery; attire, gown

men2M:4418(the) gate, door, entrance (a school, like a jia?)

men4M:4420sorrow, sadness, grief, mourning +

meng2M:4437(a, the) inexperience, immaturity, innocence, darkness, obscurity, cover, ignorance, insensibility, foolishness, deception, folly, stupidity, fool, halfwit, (tangled, untrained) green vines; (to) cover, conceal, hide, cheat, dupe, deceive, darken, stun, receive, suffer, undergo (s, ed, ing); (to be) inexperienced, uncultivated, rudimentary, rude, crude; passive, subjected to; entangled, obscure, immature, young, 434 ignorant, foolish, dull, green, blind, in the dark, darkened, enveloped, uninformed, shrouded, unenlightened, unconscious, insensible, foolish; the small of a thing; go with covered eyes

mi2M:4450(in) confusion, amazement, bewilderment

mi2M:4455(will) drain, empty, finish, consume, exhaust

mi4M:4464thick, dense, plump, plenty(-ful, of); close 62.5

mian3M:4492avoids, evades, escapes, gets free (of, from)

mian4M:4497(leather) masks, faces, facades, personae

miao3M:4476(the) one-eyed; weak, feeble-sighted 54.2

miao4M:4473shrine, temple (s)

mie4M:4483(a, the) burial, covering; (to be) cut off (from), depived of, exterminated, extinguished, missing, hidden; (to) blot out, bury, cover (up), destroy, do away with, erase, exterminate, extinguish, go extinct, hide, immerse, rise over, submerge, suppress; cut off, miss (s, ed, ing)

mie4M:4485(to) dismiss, disregard, ignore, disdain (such) 23.2

min2M:4508(a, the) citizens, citizenry, civility, commoners, humanity, inhabitants, mankind, masses, (common) multitude, people, populace, population, public, society, subjects; one, others; (to be) civilian, human, social; (a, the) people’s, public’s; -body, -person

ming2M:4528blind, dark, obscure; confused, deluded

ming2M:4534(a, the) brightness, clarity, enlightenment, illumination, light, lucidity, luster; discernment, intelligence (of), perception, perceptiveness, resolution, vision, eyesight; agreement, covenant; (to be) aware, bright, brilliant, clear, clear- sighted, conscious, enlightened, evident, explicit, illustrious, informed, intelligent, intelligible, lucid, manifest, perceptive, pure, sagacious, shining, visionary; plain (as day and night); (to) assert, awaken, see, brighten, clarify, elucidate, enlighten, envision, explain, get clear, illuminate, shine, illustrate, make evident, perceive, show, understand, see (s, ed, ing)

ming2M:4535proclaim, express, announce, call(ing); vocal

ming4M:4537(a, the) higher law, highest law, higher order, higher purpose, calling, vocation, destiny, fate, lot in life, charge, fortune, oracle, life, life’s course, span of life, one’s place in history, livelihood, mission, mandate, charter, constitution, appointment, assignment, commission, order, pronouncement, directive, command, law, decree, priority, investiture, higher power, higher authority; heaven's will; name, denomination, designation, title; (to) name

mo4M:4387(and) (stranded, black) cord

mo4M:4546(and) (the) end, tip, last (line)

mo4M:4557nobody, no one, not one; none, nothing, not, no; (in) no way, by no means, not at all, absolutely not, no particular, not any; there is/are no, not, none (any, one) (way, who, which); do not, have not, not have, must not; it is not, this is not; there is nobody who; is it not ...?; no-; no ... has; (a, the) exceptions; (often the subject of sentence)

mou2M:4578considers, ponders, plans, appraises, consults

mu3M:4582mother; ^

mu3M:4584big toe(s)

mu4M:4559cover, cap, restrict, hide, tent (it, this)

mu4M:4593(a, the) wood(s), tree(s), tree trunk, timber, lumber; wooden; of wood; (a, the) wood’s, trees’; (to be) blunt, dull, numb, unfeeling, stiff

mu4M:4596eyed; (their) eyes; glare, stare v

mu4M:4599mastery, rule; taking charge, control v

N19 characters

na4M:4607acc epting, admitting, involving, bringing in

nai3M:4612then, is then, will then be, and then, for then, only then, if ... then, first ... then, this then; now, have now; is thereby, thereupon; and, and so, and so too, and also, along with, as well as, as is ...; precedes, (is) before, leads to, is followed by, after that, after this, because of (this); it is, this is, it is this that; when, when (this, that) is fulfilled, in that regard, on (that, these, those) ground(s); (to) become, bring, 435 grow (into); also, although, but, furthermore, if, however, moreover, nevertheless; precisely; here, that, this, those, this; your

nan2M:4619(a, the) male, man, son; (to be) manly, male, masculine

nan2M:4620(and, to) south* "

nan2M:4625(a, the) affliction, calamity, complication, difficulty, distress, hardship, problem, struggle, toil, trial, trouble; (to be) overtaxed; arduous, complicated, contentious, difficult, grievous, hard, heavy, laborious, problematic, taxing, tedious, troublesome; (to) balk, contend (with), censure, find fault, overtax, rebuke, toil (s, ed, ing); is it not? ap nan4

nang2M:4627(a, the) bag, sack, pouch, skin

nao2M:3087bends, flexes, yields, deflects, sags

nei4M:4766in, into, in to; (to be) within, inside, internal, among, near to, inner, inward, interior, private, domestic, inclusive, intrinsic, in the midst of, admitted; (a, the) interior (chambers), inner circle, inside, those within; (to) admit, internalize, bring in, take in, include; enter, go in (s, ed, ing); on the inside; inwardly, internally

neng2M:4648(a, the) ability, capability, capacity, expertise, competence, effectiveness, fitness, power, proficiency, range, scope; skill, talent, (to) have ability, be capable of, handle with competence, manage capably, endure, empower, enable (s, ed, ing); (to be) possible; able, adequate, competent, capable, empowered, enabled, fit, skillful (of, to, for); could, can (manage), can, has the power to, may, might; can-

ni2M:4660(the) mud, mire, ooze, sludge, (a, the) bog

ni3M:4659brake, chock, block, (wheel) stop

ni4M:4677(the) resistant, contrary, refractory, unwilling

nian2M:4711years, seasons, harvests

niao3M:4688(like) (a, the, this) bird

nie4M:4700un steadily(iness); feebly, unstably, unevenly

ning2M:4725(in) peace, tranquility, serenity, repose

ning2M:4732consolidate, harden, solidify. manifest, realize

niu2M:4737(a, the) bovine, cattle, oxen; bull, cow, ox, buffalo, kine, beast of burden; cowhide, rawhide, leather

nu3M:4776(a, the) female, woman, lady, young woman, young lady, maid, maiden, girl, wife, daughter, women, bride; maidenhood; (to be) feminine; (a, the) woman’s, young lady’s, young woman’s, girl’s

P20 characters

pan2M:4904cliffs, crags, big rocks, obstacles, difficulties

pan2M:8005(the) leather (big, champion’s) belt

pei4M:5019(be) worthy of, fit for; deserve, merit

pei4M:5020(flowing) banners, pennants

peng2M:5054(a, the) friends, companions, associates, colleagues, comrades, partners, peers, equals, allies, alliances; league, faction, sect, friend, companion, associate, assistant, acquaintance, adherent, (matched) pair(s), strings of cowries (money); (to) befriend; pair, team, join, consort, associate, ally (with); match (s, ed, ing)

peng2M:5060(place of) dominion, domain, power, drumroll

pi2M:5345(a) slope, hill, climb, incline

pi3M:1902(to be) inferior, wrong, worthless, decaying, bad, stagnant, stagnating, disintegrating, alienated, inappropriate; (to) deny, refuse, stop, negate, disapprove (of), separate (from) (s, ed, ing); on the contrary; not, if not, or not, not do; (a, the) standstill, stagnation, separation, disintegrity, negation, denial, incoherence; [entropy]; what is not so; not, wrong; ap fou3: to not be, if not, if out of

pi3M:5170of (a, the) pair; (a, the) team v; mate, match

pian1M:5246partial, selfish, one-sided; (is only) part, half

pian1M:5249fluttering, flighty; flying, flapping

pin2M:5275repeated, frequent (ly); insistent, pressing

pin3M:5281(the) varieties of, orders of, various

pin4M:5280(a, the) female; ^

ping2M:1895(to, when) cross, ford(ing) ^without a boat

ping2M:5301bucket, jug, jar, pitcher (is; could, would be)

ping2M:5303(a) level, plain

po2M:5351^ (to be) (of) pure, clear, fair, silver white

pu2M:5401servant, helper, retainer, assistant, protégé (’s)

pu3M:5384(is) everywhere, throughout, extensive

Q48 characters

qi1M:0555(and) wife, woman

qi1M:0575^ grief; ^ grievous, pitiful

qi1M:0579(a, the) seven; seven times, sevenfold, (the) seventh

qi2M:0522Split, Forked, Twin; ^ Qi

qi2M:0525(about, as, as to, at, by, for, in, on, of, to, through, towards, with) one’s, his, her, its, their (own) (natural, proper, timely); one, him, her, it, you, such, so many, a, an, the, this, that, these, them, those, what, oneself, himself, herself, itself, another, the one(s), other(s), such things, these things; (the) other’s, others’, 436 another’s; (the, this, that) one’s; there (is, are); the, such; it, he, she, that, they, one (who, which); what/that/those which is, are, might be, is/are expected to; one(s)/those being/having; this being so; (for, to) someone (’s), somebody (’s), something (’s), some; such (a) thing(s); one, he, she, it, this, that, there (is, are, has, have); this is what; has its, have their; the one who (is/has); is the; is that which, are they who; for those who; such a one, such as these; if there (is, are, were), if they, if these; it/this might/would have; him-, her-, them-, self-

qi2M:0526(the) appointed, allotted term, time; set date +

qi3M:0547( ^) willow(s), medlar

qi3M:0548dawning, rising, awakening, beginning(er’s)

qi4M:0549(and) tools, implements, utensils, instruments

qi4M:0550^ (soon) forgotten, cast aside, waste, discard

qi4M:0554(a, the) principles, energies, (material) forces, temper, spirit, humor, character, climate, manner, bearing, demeanor, influence, influx, omens, vital forces, dispositions, temperaments; air, breath, ether, fumes, gas, mist, steam, vapor; life’s energy, life giving principle, vital principal

qi4M:0563tears; weeping

qi4M:8006(to) almost, nearly, just about, be about to

qian1M:0881drawn, pulled, led, attracted, persuaded

qian1M:0883deficient, unsatisfied, unworthy, lowly, unsatisfied

qian1M:0885(a, the) authenticity, respectfulness, respect, modesty; (to be) unassuming, authentic, respectful, yielding, deferent, reverent, humble, modest; deficient

qian1M:0889exceeds; (is) delayed (goes) beyond

qian1M:0911(in) moving, relocating, transferring, shifting

qian2M:0918(to be) hidden, concealed, secret, secretive, retired, submerged, subliminal; inverse; (to) dive, submerge, sink in, secrete oneself (s, ed, ing); go in water, lie at bottom; below the threshold or surface, ie subliminal

qian2M:0919ahead, forward, in front, before

qian2M:3233(to be) creative, vigorous, energetic, potent, dynamic, constant, enduring, lasting; dry, clean; exhausted; heavenly; (a, the) creation, initiative, authority, sovereignty, design, cogency, autonomy, command, energy, diligence, persistence, endurance, mastery, genius, higher order, higher purpose, calling, vocation, enduring activity, lasting vigor, dynamic living, dragonhood; heaven; warmth of the sun; vigorous appearance; (a, the) male, gang or yang principle; (to) create, initiate, design, author, master, persist, endure (s, ed, ing); creation’s, creativity’s; gan, (to be) dry, dried

qiang1M:0673assault, attack, injure (s); do violence (to)

qiang2M:0668invigorated, energetic, empowered, strong +

qie3M:0803(is, are) also, (for) now, temporary(ily) +

qie4M:0811carving, cutting, slicing; pressing; urgently

qie4M:0814(a nd) concubine, handmaiden, servant girl (s)

qin1M:1095intense, attentive, respectful; to hope for

qin1M:1107to relate, affiliate, make relatives/kinsmen of

qin1M:1108to occupy, appropriate, invade, raid, campaign against

qin2M:1100(the) game, quarry, prey; birds, animals

qing1M:1156easy, simple, light, basic, mean

qing1M:1161overturn, reverse, overcome, upend (ing)

qing1M:1171(are) articulated, clear, specific, precise, lucid

qing2M:1170quality, nature, tendency, inclination (s) "

qing4M:1167(a, the) happiness, reward, celebration, rejoicing, congratulation, satisfaction, blessing, good luck, good fortune; (to be) happy, satisfied, gratified, rewarded; rewarding, satisfying; something to celebrate; (to) rejoice

qiong2M:1247(to be) exhausted, depleted, emptied, empty, null and void, nil, futile, fruitless, impoverished, poor, needy, destitute, wanting, diminished, over, finished, tired, worn out, extinguished, frustrated, wasted, reduced to extremity, washed out, washed up, too extreme, too far, frustrating, tiring, exhausting, exhaustive, depleting; (to) end, dead end, run out, run dry; examine thoroughly, exhaust (s, ed, ing); (a, the) limit, far limit, end, exhaustion, depletion, emptiness, extremity, poverty, failure, want, destitution, fatigue, futility, waste, impoverishment, frustration; has gone too far; is to fail, is a dead end, is too extreme; going too far, going to the limit; to the utmost

qiu1M:1213(the) hill(sides, tops), mounds, high places

qiu2M:1217(to) seek, search (after, for, out); request, quest for, entreat, solicit, petition, supplicate, court, ask (of, for, from), try for, beg for, wish for, pray for, demand, come after, go after, aim at, aim for, desire, hunt, pursue, want, covet, 437 crave, claim, demand (s, ed, ing); (a, the) quest, pursuit, search (for, of); goal, wish, desire, craving; (to be) desirous; in quest of, in search of

qiu2M:8007(the) cheeks, cheekbones, face, [expression ]

qu1M:1602(mounted) game flushers, chasers, drivers

qu2M:1611way, course, thoroughfare, (cross)roads; ...?

qu3M:1615(to) accept, appropriate, assume, catch, capture, choose, collect, court, draw, grab, grasp, obtain, occupy, pick, pick up, pick out, prefer, possess, receive, seek, seize, select, take, take up, take over, take hold of, lay hold of, win; pair with, mate with, marry (s, ed, ing)

qu4M:1594stops, goes away, passes

qu4M:1627abandoned, lonely, desolate, deserted, silent

quan2M:1674(a, the) spring, fountain

quan4M:1662(to) encourage; urging, encouraging

qun2M:1737(a, the) group, company, crowd, flock, host

R18 characters

ran2M:3072(but) so, seeming(ly) v; ly; ways; wise

ren2M:3097(a, the) person, people, man, woman, one(s), other(s), another, human being, individual (s); each (one), other persons/people; anybody, anyone, everybody, everyone, somebody, someone (else)(’s); some, those; humanity, humankind, mankind, society; character, citizen, fellow, folk; inhabitant, member, occupant, participant, persona, personality, population, personnel, staff, role; (in) adulthood; (of) maturity; (to be) human, adult, grown, mature; humanity’s; (a, the) person’s, people’s, occupant’s; fellow-; -body, -man, -person, -ist

ren2M:3099compassion, fellow-feeling, humanity, love

ren4M:3108(are) (well-) prepare, transform, cook (ed)

ri4M:3124(a, the) sun, daylight, daytime, day(s); time, times; daily; by day; each day, every day

rong2M:3181weapons, arms; armed

rong2M:7560tolerant, accepting (towards, of); embraces

rong2M:7582(himself) honor(s), esteem, distinction, luxury

rou2M:3133(a, the) flexibility, gentleness, weakness, mildness, softness, passiveness, responsiveness [what is now known as the Yin]; (to be) accommodating, adaptable, gentle, flexible, mellow, mild, negative, neutral, passive, pliable, pliant, responsive, soft, submissive, supple, tender, tranquil, weak, yielding; (to) acquiesce, accommodate, respond, submit, mollify, tranquilize, yield (s, ed, ing); (a, the) flexible’s, weak’s, yielding’s

rou4M:3153meat, flesh

ru2M:3137(to be) (just, much) as/like; homogeneous, alike, identical, uniform; similar to, the same as, as good/well as, equivalent to, equal to, about; (to) appears/seem (to, to be); compares (well) to/with; assume, resemble, suppose, go to, proceed; desire, follow, listen to; allow, permit, accord with (s, ed, ing); it (may) seem(s) like/that; might as well be; apparently, seemingly; can compare with; such as, for instance, apparently; the same; in accordance/compliance with, in this way, according to, as to, as though, if, as if, if also; (is, seems) quite, such, so; what; what ..., what a ...; how (very); so ... like, so ... looking; alike, uniformly; instead of, rather than; about; -ish, -like, -looking, -ly; (often positioned as a suffix)

ru2M:3139(by the) roots "

ru2M:3140(to, i nto) (caulking) rags, wadding, patches

ru2M:3149(to) (get) wet, soak, moisten, immerse, drip, saturate, dampen, steep, ret (s, ed, ing); (to be) wet, soaked, moist, saturated, glossy

ru2M:3150short coat, perhaps u.f. ru 3149, wet (gloss.)

ru4M:3152(to) enter, come (into), agree with, join, become a member of; bring in, admit, present; take to heart; (to go) into, inside, beneath, within; lead into, penetrate, put in, encroach, gain access, cross into, join, receive, admit (s, - ed, -ing); (a, the) income, receipts, imports; entry, access, admission, membership; (to be) admitted, accepted, led into, received, at home, within, inside; going ... [with preposition]

ruo4M:3126(to be) quite, quite like, such, so, close enough, equal of/to; the same/as good as; concordant, compliant, in sympathy with; as (by, for, if, such, to, much); like (this/that); just/much/same as/like (one); may/might as well be; 438 if, as if/though, supposing (that), had/if/were it/they, were (there), if there was/were; such, thus, like this; (to) assume; accord with, conform to, (may, might) appear/seem/look (like, so, to be); agree with/to; resemble (s, ed, ing); assuming/if ... were; so ... looking, so ... like; (a, the) agreement, approval, compliance, meetness; likeness, similarity; in sympathy with; considered thus, accordingly; this, this/that one; same; (of) these, similar, kind, such, sorts, the like, them; this one, that one; and, or, if, then; alike, equally, similarly; (one) sometimes; -like, -ly, -ish, -wise; [often positioned as a suffix]

ruo4M:3128(are) weak, yielding, vulnerable, soft, infirm

S101 characters

san1M:5415(a, the) three, trinity, triad, threesome, triplet; three times, triple, threefold, third; a few, several, many; for three; for the third time; tri-, thir-

san4M:5421separated, dispersed, scattered, undisciplined

sang1M:5424(of) mulberry (v)

sang4M:5429(to) lose, miss, forego, forfeit, let go of, do without, surrender, (let) drop, mislay, misplace, forget; disappear, vanish, die, perish, destroy, ruin; mourn, lament (the loss of); pass into obscurity; turn the back on; fail to get, find, obtain (s, ed, ing); (to be) bereft, bereaved, lost, missing, gone, foregone, forgotten; (a, the) bereavement, grief, lament, sorrow, loss, ruin; funeral, mourning, burial; without; in loss

se4M:5446(is, are) impair, hinder, impede, hamper (ed)

sha1M:5606(the) sand, sandbank, beach

sha1M:5615sa crifices, kills, slaughters

shan1M:5630(a, the) mountain, hill (s), … Mountain, Mount …

shan4M:5657goodness, virtue, excellence; (the) good

shang1M:5666harmful, painful, distressing, damaging

shang1M:5673(the) merchants, traders, dealers

shang3M:5672(the) grants, awards, rewards, endowments +

shang4M:5669(to) rise (up, over, above); (bring, go, hand) up; climb, lift, mount, raise, add to, rise (up); go up; surmount, surpass, stand above/over; ascend, elevate, improve, uplift, rate highly, exalt, esteem highly, prefer, place above/over, wish for (s, ed, ing); (to be) above, across, aloft, ascendant, atop, at the top, before, best, better, brought up, elevated, eminent, exalted, excellent, exceptional, first, foremost, high, higher, highest, high in/on/upon, improved, lifted, lofty, most, on high, on top of, over, prior, raised, rising, superior, supreme, admirable, top, up, uplifted, upon, on, up on, upper, uppermost, utmost; -ier, -iest; in chief; (a, the) apex, elite, height, leader, one above, superior, peak, pinnacle, priority, priorities, summit, those above, top, top of, upper part; upward(s), upwardly

shang4M:5670(to) appreciate, approve, honor, esteem, prize, credit, respect, like, love, prefer, glorify, set store by, wish, extol, praise, favor, value, treasure, exalt, surpass; add (to), ascend, go to, proceed (s, ed, ing); (to be) appreciated, honored, esteemed, noble, high, highest, first, elevated, superior, respected, valued, treasured, appreciable, honorable, estimable, credible, respectable, valuable, worthy (of), meritorious; respectful, appreciative, fond of; in charge of; (a, the) appreciation, honor, esteem, respect, credit, value, worth, merit, wish; and besides, besides, but, even, however, nevertheless, still, yet

shao3M:5675(to be) small, smaller, little, minor, minute, young, few, tiny, seldom, sparing, scarce, rare, short, slight, petty, trifling, less, diminished, junior, second; missing, absent, wanting, lost; (to) shrink, diminish, belittle, disparage, detract, pare, abate, refrain from, regard as trifling (s, ed, ing); slightly, seldom, briefly, in a little while, to a small degree; sub-, hypo- 439

she2M:5705(and) tongue

she3M:5699(to) give up, release, dismiss, quit, rest, stop, halt, set aside, forsake, abjure, forgo, forget, let loose, let go of, let off, do without, put away, put/push/set aside, leave, neglect, abandon, ignore, pass by, surrender, part with; spend, expend, risk, sacrifice, omit, offer, bestow, dispense, grant, give, give alms; rest in, stop, lay over, encamp, leave off, take a break (s, ed, ing); (to be) given up, dismissed, forsaken, forgone, set aside, abandoned, ignored, neglected, passed by, surrendered, forgotten; (a, the) cottage, dwelling, lodging house, shed, lodge, hut, booth, resting place, encampment

she4M:5701(the) altar(s) to land, soil, place, [genii loci]

she4M:5702aim at

she4M:5703(his) aim at, (a) shot at

she4M:5707(to) cross, ford, ferry, wade, wade into (a river, stream); experience, go through, pass through, traverse; concern, involve; relate to, get involved (s, ed, ing); (a, the) crossing, ford, relations, experience

she4M:5711to found, establish, base, set up, devise 20.X

shen1M:5712set forth, extend, explain (ing) 57.X

shen1M:5718(a, one’s) life, self, being, living, person

shen1M:5719depth; the deep, profound, mysterious

shen2M:5716(and) spirits, divine forces (both)

shen4M:5734(to) take care, act carefully, act with care, be careful; (to be) careful, cautious, mindful (of, in, with), attentive, prudent, heedful, circumspect, discreet (in), considerate (of); (a, the) prudence, caution, prohibition, warning, discretion, care, concern (s); mindfulness, attentiveness; cautiously, carefully, mindfully, attentively

sheng1M:5738(to) exist, live, fluorish, thrive; arise, be born, develop, grow, originate, rise (from); (be)come alive; bring/come/spring forth; bear, beget, breed, create (life), give birth, produce, quicken, send (up, out, forth) (s, ed, ing); (to be) alive, fertile, fresh, green, new, novel, raw, unrefined, unripe, vital; raised, reared, bred; (a, the) activity, being, birth, creation, development, existence, growth, (new) life, lives, living, lifetime, livelihood, origin(s), means of living, vitality; of birth, of life

sheng1M:5739sacrifices(ificial) beasts, animals (livestock)

sheng1M:5745(to) advance (on, upon), promote, ascend, climb, arise, rise up, rise above, move upward, go up, step up, improve, mount, lift up, accumulate, save; issue forth (s, ed, ing); (a, the) advance, advancement, promotion, improvement, ascent, climb, step, increment (s); a measure of capacity; [to invest in potential energy]

sheng3M:5741(a, the) distress, suffering, calamity, injury, harm, fault, error, mishap, grave error, blunder, blindness, evil consequence, blight; film over the eye, disease of the eye; (to) dismiss, restrict, reduce; suffer (s, ed, ing); (to be) injured, harmed

sheng4M:5752abundance, flourishing, plenty, prosperity, amplitude

sheng4M:5753(to be) consecrated, divine, holy, intuitive, perceptive, reverent, sacred, sagacious, sagely, saintly, wise; (a, the) holiness, piety, reverence, sacredness, sagacity, wisdom; piousness, sanctimony; sage; wisdom’s; [combining spiritual, moral and intellectual virtues]

sheng4M:5754success in; succeed in; can; (is, are) able to "

shi1M:5756(dead) bodies, corpses, fatalities, casualties

shi1M:5760(a, the) militia, military, reserves, army, armies, host, hosts, legion(s), troops, garrison; general, master, specialist, tutor, expert, leader, instructor, director, assessor, example, (role) model, sage; expertise, organization, preparedness, readiness; [liquidity]; all; the people, the multitude, population; (to) teach, instruct, emulate, imitate, take as a norm or standard; model or pattern after another; militarily; a unit of 2500 troops 440

shi1M:5768(to) extend (to), expand, distribute, give (to), apportion, deliver, issue, fall (from), give alms, broadcast, spread (out), add to, exhibit, display, show, express, diffuse, reach, carry out, execute, enforce, enact, practice, perform, apply, influence, apply, place, arrange, supply, pass down, give, grant, confer, bestow, dispense, stray, digress, go too far (s, ed, ing); (to be) extended, expanded, granted, bestowed, expressed, apportioned, carried out, supplied; (a, the) ramifications, (full) extent, attenuation, reach, scope, gift, grant, given, influence, apportionment, distribution, allocation; extensively, generously

shi1M:5806(to) dismiss, disregard, err, fail, forget, forgo, go back on, give up, let go of, (let) slip, lose, lose control (of), miss, neglect, omit, relinquish; break, depart, deviate, escape, stray (from), (s, ed, ing); (to be) lost, off, out of; (to have) left, lost, forgone, forsaken; (a, the) defect, deficit, disregard, error, failure, fault, lack, heedlessness, loss, mishap, mistake, negligence, omission 441

shi2M:5780(a, the) time, timing, opportune timing, right time, timeliness, season, period, epoch, moment, occasion, opportunity (s); occasions of, times of; (to be) present, current, by season, in season, of the season; (in, of, by) time; timely, timelier, well-timed, seasonal, seasonable, opportune, momentous; this, now, then; (the) time’s, season’s, moment’s, opportunity’s; at all times, constantly

shi2M:5807(a, the) ten; ten times, tenfold, tenth; -ty

shi2M:5810(a, the) food, feed, feast, nourishment, sustenance, subsistence, refreshment, meal, fare, eats; sufficiency; (to) eat (up), have eaten, feast, have feasted, dine, have dined, consume, feed (on, upon), devour, take, partake (from, in), subsist on, draw from, draw upon, drink (from), ingest, swallow, take nourishment; incorporate, appropriate, embody (s, ed, ing); (to be) eaten, consumed, taken in, ingested, devoured, swallowed, eclipsed, diminished, nourished by, nourishing, sustained by, sustaining; wanes

shi2M:5813stone, rock (s)

shi2M:5816(a, the) squirrelly, long-tailed, skulking

shi2M:5821(a, the) substance, reality, effect, result, fruit, fruition, manifestation, development; sincerity, authenticity; belonging, riches, possession; real, real thing, truth, facts, stuff, content (s); (to be) actual, substantial, substantive, substantiated, authentic, confirmed, honest, real, genuine, sincere, solid, solidified, hard, true, concrete, practical, applicable, factual, rich, full; (to) make real, verify, validate, substantiate, develop into, feed, satisfy, enrich, fill, stuff (s, ed, ing); really, truly, actually, exactly, in fact, in reality, in truth; this, that; id est

shi2M:5825(recorded) knowledge, learning, experience +

shi3M:5766boar, hog, pig, swine

shi3M:5769scribes, chroniclers, recorders, [ reporters]

shi3M:5770(a, an, this) commission, charge, assignment

shi3M:5772(a, the) beginning(s), birth, start, genesis, conception, commencement, onset, origin, outset, precursor, source; (at, from, in) (the) beginning, first, outset, start; (to) begin, commence, initiate, originate, renew, start (out), (s, ed, ing) (with); (to be) early, first, fresh, new; after, after this, then; as soon as, from now on

shi3M:5784(and) arrows

shi4M:5763divining, consultation, oracle, inquiry +

shi4M:5764(to) bite (into, on), bite down on, bite off, eat, devour, gnaw, chew (on) (s, ed, ing)

shi4M:5776(a) young (gentle)man, male; bachelor

shi4M:5787(a, the) activity, affair, assignment, duty, business, busyness, challenge, concern, effort, endeavor, engagement, event, function, job, involvement, matter, mission, office, occasion, occupation, problem, project, undertaking, responsibility, service, trouble, task, work; case, fact, matter, subject, phenomena(on), thing; official, delegate, servant, functionary; work to do, work to be done; matter/task (s) at hand; sacrifice; (to) attend to, do business, carry out, get involved, help, manage, serve, tend to, try, wait upon, work (for); make/take effort/trouble; engage in ... activity, make ... effort (s, ed, ing); (to be) engaged (in), hands on, occupied

shi4M:5789(to) see, watch, look, observe, regard (ing) "

shi4M:5790(and) young male

shi4M:5794(and) so it is (that), (it) is (...) that, true; (and) so there/one/they is/are/will be; certainly, indeed, surely, truly; to be this; to be right; in actuality/fact/truth; it is truly; it, that, thus, this, these, such, there (is, are) (indeed); to be, be this; it is (a, an); is to be; itself is, such is, what is; to this; (to be) absolute, certain, correct, exact, positive, right, sure, true; such, thus, this, which (is/may be/might be); correctly, (a, the) certainty, right(ness, eousness); (is, are, may) actually, correctly, exactly, positively, precisely, rightly, truly, in truth (be); yes; that ...

shi4M:5798(an) experiment, test, trial (s); testing, proving

shi4M:5799capacity, forte, (special) strength, disposition

shi4M:5812embellishment, adornment; pretense; false

shi4M:5820(their) domestic affairs, household, home

shou1M:5837co mes in, fills up; (is) received in full

shou3M:5839(a, the) head, leader, chief, superior, first, first principle, face, lead, foremost, model, priority, leadership (s); (to be) face, lead, foremost, head, chief, prior, beginning; (to) come forward, (take the) lead, take responsibility (s ed, ing)

shou3M:5844to guard, protect, defend, maintain, keep

shou4M:5840(to) accept, receive, inherit, succeed, enjoy; be given, have been given, have received, welcome, invite, bear, suffer, undergo, undertake, take (on), endure, agree to, make peace with, be subjected to (s, ed, ing); (a, the) recipient; passively; is/to be ...; (to be) compliant, tranquil

shou4M:5845(winter) hunt, inspection tour; hunting

shu3M:5865(the) number, quantity, allotment (s) +

shu3M:5871rodent, rat

shu4M:5874(the) multitude of, numerous, numberless

shu4M:5891(a, the, one’s) gift (bundle), present, offering

shuai1M:5908diminishes, decreases, reduces, lessens

shuai4M:5909captains, commands, leads, governs, directs

shuang1M:5919(the) frost, hoarfrost, frozen dew

shui2M:5923who is, which one (is); whose ^ is it ? "

shui3M:5922(a, the) water(s); river, current, fluid, flood; (to be) aquatic, watery, liquid, fluid

shun4M:5935(to) agree (to), accept, adopt, adapt, comply, follow, obey, respond, yield, allow, submit (to), reach accord, accord with, agree with, get along with, reach agreement, comply with, acquiesce to, give way, make peace with, suit, take opportunity to, indulge (s, ed, ing); (to be) fair, favorable, suited, suitable, agreeable, responsive, compliant, convenient, accepting, pliant, docile, easy, graceful, satisfied, patient, gentle, obedient, submissive, in accordance with, in the same direction as; (a, an, the) agreement, acceptance, accord, compliance, harmony, response, responsiveness, obedience, acquiescence; in compliance with, in accordance with

shuo1M:5939(a, the) pleasure, satisfaction, satiety, joy, enjoyment, delight, cheer, stimulation, stimuli, influence, persuasion, attraction, relief; (to) take pleasure in, enjoy, feel good, rejoice (in), delight (in), please, give pleasure, satisfy; influence, persuade, sway (s, ed, ing); (to be) satisfied, stimulated, relieved, influenced, persuaded, glad, delighted, attracted, contented, pleased, happy, pleasurable, satisfying, 456 influential, enjoyable, stimulating, attractive, persuasive; (used for Yue4, 7702, 61+7; character pronounced as Shuo1, 5939, at 04.1, 09.3, 26.2, 33.2, 38.6, 47.5)

shuo4M:5815(the) ripe, plump, large (est); (over)ripe

si1M:5574^ (in, on) them, this

si1M:5580thinks, ponders, reflects, plans, considers

si3M:5589dying; death, mortality; fatal, terminal

si4M:5592(a, the) sacrifice + [to give up this "spirit" ]

si4M:5598(a, the) four; four times; foursome; (to be) quadruple, fourfold, fourth; surrounding; (all) four; quadri-; (all) around; team of four 442

song4M:5558(a, the) contention, conflict, challenge, dispute, dissent, litigation, argument, quarrel, contest, antagonism; (to) contend, dispute, challenge, contest, dissent, litigate, accuse, argue, quarrel, reprimand, advocate, speak out publicly, bring (suit, a complaint, a grievance), demand justice, plead before a court (s, ed, ing); (to be) quarrelsome, adversarial

su1M:5488a wakens, alerts, enlivens, stimulates

su2M:5497(the) common, unrefined; (social) norms

su4M:5490( ^) simple, plain, authentic, basic (ly)

su4M:5494pleading, appealing; caution; please (oh)

su4M:5502to be early, prompt; dispatch; soon

su4M:5505invitation(s); invitation, summons, call

su4M:5506(simple) meal, rice stew [w/ meat & veggies]

suan4M:5516to reckon, c alculate, consider, plan, assess, scheme

sui1M:5519although, though, even (if, for, though, with, when, where); (it, this) may be; though (it, this) be, in spite of; however, if, only, still; supposing (that); (to) dismiss (s, ed, ing); (to be) even

sui2M:5523(to) follow (up, through); succeed, trail, go along, fall in with, wait on, comply, accord, let, allow, adopt, adapt, conform, respond (in, with, to); lag behind, accompany, imitate, look like, resemble, carry out, pursue, chase, go after, come after (s, ed, ing); (to be) followed by, successive, succeeding, consecutive, subsequent; pursued, chased; (a, the) consequence, succession, pursuit, company, success, response; obsequiousness; subsequently, afterward(s), next, then, at once, right behind, presently, instantly, forthwith, in due course, in the course of time, accordingly, according to

sui4M:5530to proceed, progress; push, follow through

sui4M:5538years, seasons, harvests

sun3M:1487(a, the) bird of prey, raptor, hawk, falcon

sun3M:5548(to) belittle, chastise, cut (back), criticize, cut down to size, damage, decrease, destroy, diminish, dwindle, economize, harm, injure, lessen, lose, reduce, spoil, subtract, trim, weaken, wound (s, ed, ing); (a, the) concentration, contraction, decrease, detriment, diminution, loss, reduction; (to be) concentrated, contracted, decreased (by), diminished, lessened, reduced, taken from, weakened; detrimental, disadvantageous

suo3M:5459st artles, frightens, agitates

suo3M:5465(a, the) (right & proper) cause, place, reason (to be, of, for, to); agent, direction, function, grounds, means, origin, purpose, position, role, way (of, for, to); home, location, locus, residence, situation, spot; (to be) certain, specific; some(one/thing) who, what, which, whom, such, these, those who (are), that which (is), what(so)ever is, are the; whereof, where, whereby; by which; of this, this way; would so; (to) serve (as, for, in, to); on purpose, purposefully; where ... belongs; meant to be; where-; -where, -hoods; the place where/to

suo3M:5466(is) mean, petty, troublesome, stingy, fussy

T29 characters

ta1M:5961additional, added, extra, even more, other

tai4M:6020very, much, great, greatest, best, big, enormous, most, ultimate, large, old, too, excessive, too much; (a, the) greatness; (to) expand, reach everywhere, spread out; (to be) excessive; excessively, extremely, greatly, quite, altogether

tai4M:6023(a, the) (free) interplay, harmony, peace, facility, prosperity, happiness, success, extravagance, grandiosity; smooth interaction; affluence; (to be) harmonizing, prospering, prosperous, pervading, exalted, honorable, superior, extravagant, flowering, flourishing, great, affirming, broad minded, liberal, extensive, large, permeating, pervasive, grand, most, extreme, interactive, peaceful, safe, tranquil; the west wind; (to) communicate, spread out, suffuse, interpenetrate, permeate, pervade (s, ed, ing); greatly 443

tan3M:6057(that, which is) level, plain, flat; in peace

tang1M:6101Tang (founder of the Shang dynasty)

tao2M:6152(and) weeping; lament, complaint, moaning "

te4M:6163deviate, vary, stray, err "

teng2M:6181gushing (with), spewing forth; a fountain of

ti2M:6252(a) (new, green) shoot, sucker, sprout

ti4M:6263^anxious, alarmed, frightful, careworn +

ti4M:6265(once, when) far away, removed; distant

tian1M:6361(a, the) (material) heaven(s), cosmos, firmament, (higher/divine) nature, sky, skies; empire; the great above, providence; (to be) celestial, divine, heavenly; great, immense, natural, overhead, superior; imperial; of heaven/the sky; heaven’s, the sky’s; (the heaven of the astronomers but considered sacred, the clockworks or higher order)

tian2M:6362(a, the) field; (a, the) hunt

ting1M:6402listen, hear, understand, comprehend (ing)

ting2M:6405(and, of the) court(yard); (the) courtyard v

tong1M:6638(to) comprehend, apprehend, circulate, communicate (with), extend, interconnect, intermingle, interact, succeed, complete, fulfill, open (up), clear (out), follow/go/pass through, reach everywhere, have relations with, understand, go through, replenish, saturate, (inter)penetrate, permeate, touch, contact (s, ed, ing); (to be) general, universal, comprehensive, thorough, extensive, pervading, pervasive, penetrating, universal, open, free, unblocked, complementary; in communication; (a, the) whole, all, comprehension, communication, circulation, extension, interaction, follow through, thoroughness, success; fully, throughout, thoroughly

tong2M:6615(to) agree, assemble, assimilate, affiliate, associate, belong, come together, commune, partake in, conform to, congregate, converge, concur, gather, harmonize, identify, join, make uniform, share, unite (s, ed, ing) (in, with, to); (to be) alike, all, as one, colloquial, concordant, conforming, consensual, equal, identical, identified, in the company of, like minded, one, one with, similar, the same, together with, unanimous, united; (a, the) community, assembly (ies), associates, association, colleagues, (of), agreement, convergence, fellowship (with), meeting, joining, gathering, harmony, identity, oneness, partners, sameness, unity, union; of the same ...; fellow...; simultaneously, concurrently; and, with, as well as

tong2M:6626(to be) young, youthful, childlike, childish, premature, immature, juvenile, naive, young and unmarried, under 15; bare, bald, without vegetation, beardless; (a, the) youth, young person, child, fellow, lad, boy, young man, girl, virgin, bachelor, servant, page, young animal

tong3M:6641the whole of, all of

tu1M:6540^ breakthrough

tu2M:6525filth, mud, muck, mire

tu2M:6536go on foot, walk (ing)

tu3M:6532(a, the) earth, soil, dirt, dust, land, ground, place, basis, region, locality, territory; (to be) typical, crude, common, native, of the place, local

tui4M:6568(a, the) retreat, retirement, withdrawal; (to) abate, acquiesce, back off, back up, bow out, decline, draw back, escape, flee, give ground, give up, move back, pull back, recede, refuse, regress, retire, retreat, retrogress, run (from), shrink from, step back, subside, withdraw, yield (s, ed, ing)

tun2M:6600(for) piglets, (young, suckling) pigs; sons

tun2M:6602(a, the) rump, buttocks, bottom, rear end 44.3

tuo1M:6439(any, added, much) more; additional, added

tuo2M:6442^ running water; streaming, flowing ^water

W39 characters

wai4M:7001(to be) beyond, outer, outside, outward, without, elsewhere, abroad, out (of), exterior, extraneous, external, extraordinary, foreign, alien, barbarian, barbarous, remote, unrelated, unfamiliar, unofficial, not closely related, excluded, other, apart (from); (a, the) objectives, externals; (to) exclude, externalize, 444 marginalize; get out of, put/place outside (s, ed, ing); outwardly, externally, extraneously; on the outside; besides, in addition; extra-

wan4M:7030(a, the) ten thousand, myriad, host; (to be) countless, many, numerous; all, all of the; wholly; absolutely, positively

wang2M:7034(to) pass (on, away), go away, run away, disappear, vanish, move on, escape, flee, perish, die, cease, stop, dissolve, decay, have no, evaporate, quit, lose, lose interest, forget, be destroyed (s, ed, ing); (to be) no more, fleeting, fugitive, passing, impermanent, spent, lost, forgotten, absent, gone, vanished, extinct, dead, extinguished, conquered, subjugated, destroyed; (a, the) loss, deprivation, forfeiture, exile

wang2M:7036forget, ignore (s); (is, are) not, un- mindful of

wang2M:7037(a, the) king, lord, leader, prince, sovereign, ruler; founder, authority (s); rule(ership), royalty, sovereignty; epitome; command, dominion; (to) be king over, govern, rule (s, ed, ing); (to be) grand, great, kingly, princely, regal, royal, sovereign,; (the) sovereign’s, king’s, ruler’s

wang3M:7045nets, webs, snares, traps; (his) wits, subtlety

wang3M:7050(to go) forward, on, to, towards, onwards, ahead, that way, forth; (to) proceed, advance, progress, travel, pass, make progress, continue (on, thus, this), move (on, towards), start, depart, leave (s, ed, ing); (to be) former, bygone, past, previous, prior; done with, forgotten, left behind, beyond; (a, the) past; departure, (forward) progress, adventure, goings; movement toward a goal; forward, onward, ahead, top, towards; henceforth; in going, in passing, en route; formerly, before

wang4M:7035(a, the) presumption, pretense, expectation, falseness, duplicity, pretext, guile, deceit, folly, error, disorder, disarray, distraction, extravagance, distortion; (to be) irregular, incoherent, presumptuous, pretentious, full of oneself, false, erroneous, vain, futile, ignorant, fanciful, duplicitous, wild, empty, void, reckless, entangled, idle, incorrigible, absurd, stupid, wanton, foolish, disorderly, untrue, embroiled, entangled; falsely, wrongly, foolishly, wantonly; (to) look toward, expect, hope; assume, presume, pretend (s, ed, ing)

wang4M:7043full; fullness "

wei1M:7051^ dignity; ^ dignified, majestic, noble

wei2M:7056(a) crisis, peril, danger, exposure; precipice

wei2M:7059(to) accomplish, act (as, as if, as though, like, for, out), achieve, adopt (as), assume (to be), attend, augment, behave (as), be as, become (as), bring about, cause, conduct, consider (as, to be), constrain, construct, construe (as, to be), create, develop, do, effect, elaborate (up)on, form, function (as), handle, help, improve, make, manage, manifest, perform, play the part/role (of), practice, presume, presuppose, produce, reconstruct, regulate, regard (as), remake, reproduce, restore, serve (as), set up, (under)take (as, to be), take action, work (as), work at; interfere, meddle (with) (s, ed, ing); (to be) like, (as)(if, though); as if/though it/they was/were; productive (of); created, developed, formed, made, produced, shaped, turned (as, to be, into); for the sake of, on behalf of; were, became; as being, as it were, is in being; (a, the) accomplishment, achievement, action, activity, active part, assumption, behavior, doings, management, practice, performance, posture, production, pursuit (of), workings; artifice, agenda; interference, meddling; in the role of; on ... account; take ... action; in order to, on account of, for the sake 445 of, because of; whereby, wherefore, wherewith; about, as, by, for, of, to (being). To assume a pre-existing form through which one behaves, to per-form.

wei2M:7064truly, indeed; but, only; in response, reply

wei2M:7066(all) alone, by oneself; thinking about; simply

wei2M:7067holding ^ fast, restrained; tight, secure(ly)

wei2M:7093(is) contradiction, opposition; contradictory

wei3M:7109(a, the) tail, end, loose ends; remainder, balance, details, [trail]; (to be) last, extreme, outstanding, unfinished

wei4M:7069heed, respect, revere; attend, pay heed to, fear

wei4M:7079(a, the) style, meaning, distinction, signature

wei4M:7089(a nd, of) defense, protection, martial arts

wei4M:7113(is) (rich in) subtle(ty), intricate, elegant, deep, rich

wei4M:7114(to be, is, are, has, have) not yet, less than, still not, yet to (be), as yet (no, not, nothing), short/shy of, still (have) (no, not, short of); not now, now not, (even) before, prior to, without, lacking, incomplete; not (yet) ready (to); never (a), will never be; do/did/has/have not; (to) lack, come up/fall short (in, with, of); still not be, remain less than (s, ed, ing); if not yet; negation; no ... yet, has no ... yet, not ... yet, has not ... yet; still / as yet un-; in-, un-; incompletely

wei4M:7116(a, the) place, placement, position, situation, context, location, condition, circumstance, arrangement, seat, status, degree, rank, stature, standing, dignity, station, throne, post, attitude, posture, disposition, high position, high place (s); place of rank, position as ruler; place to, place for; in a(n) ... place; (to) stand, take a position (s, ed, ing); (to be) placed, positioned, situated, poised, seated, stationed, occupied, dignified;

wen2M:7129(a, the) refinement, style, culture, literacy, cultivation, civilization, enhancement, articulation, adornment, accomplishment, design, pattern, stroke, line, stripe, vein, grain, composition; written character, document, literature; manners, polite studies; (to be) fine, refined, stylish, cultured, cultivated, civil, civilized, elegant, enhanced, accomplished, composed, articulate, literate, literary, coherent, scholarly, genteel, polished, polite, orderly; patterned, striped, variegated, ornate; (to) enhance, civilize, cultivate, embellish, articulate, delineate, refine (s, ed, ing); (to have) style, has style

wen2M:7142(but) to hear; listen to

wen4M:7141question, interrogate, ask (ing) after

weng4M:7151(the, its) (earthen) bucket, jar, urn, pitcher

wo3M:4778I, me, we, us; my (own), our (own); myself, ourselves

wo4M:7161(helping) hand(clasp)(ed), held; firm grip +

wo4M:7162(is) soaked, soiled, smeared, stained

wu1M:7164(and) diviners, wizards, shamans, magicians

wu1M:7212chambers, rooms; dwelling, house, home (s)

wu2M:7180(to be, being, is, am, are, will be, exists, remains) (has, have, had, having, with) (do, does, did) (there is/are/will be) (it/this/these is/are) no, not, nothing, never, rarely, seldom, no longer, without, with no; but (no, not); there, this, these (is, are) no, not, nothing (of); not (a, the); (to be) absent, gone, non-existent; destitute, wanting, in vain; lacking in; free of/from; avoided, devoid, void, deprived, regardless, instead (of), rather than, despite; not much, no longer; not being; (the) least, minimum, (so, very) little; no matter; no ... done; neither ... nor, whether ... or not, without ... or; (to) (simply) lack, want; avoid, escape; not have, own/possess/have no/less/fewer; find/leave/use no; do no, not do, do nothing to (s, ed, ing); (will, would) not (be); do(es) not exist; were there no; has/have gone off; will/would not be(come); (a, the) absence / lack / want of, avoidance of; nothing, emptiness, non-being/existence, no-thing-ness; un-, ill-, im-, in-, dis-, de-, non-; -less; don't, do not; used for Wu2, M7173, GSR106a

wu2M:7188(and) I, we

wu3M:7187(a, the) five; five times, fivefold, quintuple, quintile, fifth 446

wu3M:7195(a, the) military, martial; ^ 57.1

wu4M:7208do not, don’t; not to be, to not be; (it) is not, will not (be), must/should not (be), ought not (to be); is / are not / never / rarely / seldom; (to) have, permit, allow no; avoid, deny, refuse, disallow, stop, not permit (s, ed, ing); (to be) denied, (de)void of; not, no, without, with no, never, of no; not at all, not the least bit; (often imperative, indicating prohibition or inadvisability); red flags; the antithesis of

wu4M:7209(a, the) article, being, circumstance, content, creature, entity, existence, goods, item, matter, object, other, phenomenon, reality, product; property, quality, class, sort; some being, some thing, substance, thing, thingness (s); (a, the) creation; reality; variety (of), all living beings, creatures, things (in general); objective/outer/outside world, affairs of (the, this) world; (to) exist; sort, classify

wu4M:7211(and) awkwardly(ness); uncomfortably

X69 characters

xi1M:2436(are) smirking, snickering, tittering

xi1M:2460(from) west "

xi1M:2490plainly, distinctly, (resolution of starlight)

xi1M:2495(a, the) breath, sigh; laxity, pause, quiet, relaxation, relief, repose, rest, suspension; extinction, extinguishing; (new) growth, proliferation, waxing; (to be) at rest; (to) appease, cancel, cease, desist, extinguish, finish, go out, nullify, pause, put a stop to, quit, relax, rest, stop, subdue, suspend, wrap up; grow, proliferate, wax (s, ed, ing) ap xi2

xi1M:2505awards, confers, grants; ^awarded, granted

xi1M:3763pr eserved, dried & salted, seasoned, jerked

xi2M:2499(a, the) habit, custom, duplication, exercise, experience, familiarity, practice, rehearsal, repetition; duplicity; (to) do repeatedly, familiarize (with), keep on, learn, practice, rehearse, repeat, train, work at; (to be) double, familiar, multiple, practiced, repeated; twice; having to work at something

xi3M:2434(a, the) happiness, joy, rejoicing, enjoyment, gladness, gratification, gratitude, delight, elation, well-being, good news, happy event; (to) enjoy, rejoice, exult, delight (in) (s, ed, ing); (to be) happy, joyous, glad, joyful, gratified, grateful, cheerful, pleased, elated (in, of, with)

xi4M:2424attached, bound, tied, belonging to

xi4M:2458(to) tie (up), bind, gird, attach to, fasten, affix, tether, restrain, suspend, remember, keep in mind (s, ed, ing); (to be) attached, appended, related, connected, bound

xi4M:2480fear, fright, terror, dread, alarm, anxiety "

xi4M:2485( at, by) night(fall), dark, twilight, evening

xia2M:2517aloofness, remoteness, distancing

xia4M:2520(to be) below, beneath, down, down below, downward, fallen, falling, sunken, under, underneath, within, at the base / bottom / foot of; less, little; mean, base, basic, common, down, down to, down here, here below, humble, inferior; low, (most) lowly, lower, lowest; submissive, subordinate, (to) go, hand, fall, lay, lower, pass, put, take (down); condescend, bow, descend, drop, deposit; fall, sink, subject, subordinate; remain below (s, ed, ing); (a, the) basic(s), bottom, depth, descent, downfall, humility, inferior, subordinate, subject, underling; those below; downward(s); down-

xian1M:2702(a, the) beginning, past; ancestor, precedent, first, leader, predecessor, source; (to) begin, lead (in, with); come before/first, go before/first/ahead of, initiate, precede, take precedence, walk before, (s, ed, ing); (to be) advanced, ahead of, ancient, ancestral, before, early, earlier, elder, first, founding, foremost, former, in advance, in front of, initial, leading, prior (to), original, precedent, primal; beforehand, formerly, initially, originally, previously; deceased, late, past; drawn, led, preceded; in the beginning, at first, in advance

xian2M:2666(to be) joined, conjoined, united (in, with), in touch with; moved, touched, persuaded (in, by); together, altogether, all, every, mutual, shared, concordant, convergent, integrated, complete, full, finished; everywhere; (to) feel, sense; join, conjoin, unite, put together, reciprocate, touch, come into contact, move, embrace, share, come together, convene, converge, complete (s, ed, ing) (in, with, together); (a, the) feeling, sensation (s); persuasion, reciprocity, mutuality; entirely, fully, completely, wholly; (also used for gan, 3232, to stimulate, influence, attract) 447

xian2M:2671(a, the) merit, excellence, worth, worthiness, ability, talent, skill, wisdom, virtue, eminence; worthies; (to be) meritorious, good, excellent, superior, worthy, skilled, skillful, wise, virtuous, gentle, moral, ethical, eminent, exemplary, talented, able, competent, cogent, sagacious; (to) merit, excel; esteem (s, ed, ing)

xian2M:2679training, discipline; (more) versed, familiar

xian3M:2689(a, the) risk, hazard, peril, danger, crisis, crux, focal point; (narrow) edge, ledge, crack, pass, defile; canyon, chasm, crevice, precipice, gorge; close call, narrow escape, difficulty, obstruction, challenge, obstacle; (to be) at risk, in peril, in danger; risky, hazardous, steep, perilous, precipitous, dangerous, critical, threatening, treacherous; (to) risk, hazard, venture, endanger (s, ed, ing); (exigent or strategic situation, demanding focus, heart, and the will to live)

xian3M:2692evident, (^) exemplified, illustrated, manifest

xian4M:2686wild (edible) greens, herbs, spinach, purslane

xian4M:2694entrapment, entanglement, complication (s)

xian4M:2696boundaries, limits, restrictions, constraints +

xiang1M:2562(to be) complementary, cooperative, mutual, correlative, reciprocal, reciprocated, shared; (a, the) complements, cooperation, correlates, mutuality, reciprocity; countenance, appearance, posture, bearing, looks; (to) appraise, examine, inspect, look at, see, select; aid, assist, complement, cooperate, encourage, help, reciprocate (s, ed, ing) (each other); each other, each other’s; to/from each other, to/from one another; mutually, reciprocally; as complements, between them, together

xiang2M:2577(the) omens, signs, portents, forms, patterns

xiang2M:2578soaring, flying; (having) soared, flown + vv

xiang2M:2579examining details, particulars, circumstances

xiang3M:2552(to) sacrifice, consecrate, dignify, offer (up, thanks); present, make (offering)(s) (to, for); relish, accept, receive, feast; enjoy (the use of, favors) (received); (s, ed, ing); (a, the) offering, sacrifice, feast

xiang4M:2553alley; back, side street, road; narrow lane

xiang4M:2561at, towards; approach, face, near (ing)

xiang4M:2568(a, the) image, imagery, figure, configuration, symbol, symbolism, picture, model, depiction, semblance, resemblance, emblem, representation, outline, element, appearance, form, shape, likeness, diagram, pattern, (a good) sign, omen, portent (s); laws, ordinance; elephant; (to) delineate, configure, outline, picture, depict, symbolize, resemble, represent, imitate, stand for, act, play, imagine, conceive of (s, ed, ing)

xiao3M:2605(to be) average, common, diminished, homogeneous, humble, insignificant, lesser, light, little, low(ly, er, est), mean, mediocre, minor, minute, modest, ordinary, slight, small(er, est), petty, tiny, trifling, trivial, unimportant, young(er, est), minimal; (a, the) commonness, homogeneity, littleness, meanness, mediocrity, pettiness, smallness; commonly, ordinarily; in detail; some small, of little, a little; for a short (time, while); (to) diminish, minimize, shrink, belittle; does not imply bad or wrong, but sometimes inferiority. 448 xiao1 2607a 1149j 85+7 11.T (to) decay, melt, thaw, dissolve, disappear, deteriorate, wane, diminish, shrink, lessen, disperse, dissipate, ebb, pass away, vanish, expend, cancel, annul, dispel, extinguish, eliminate, remove, reduce, exhaust, use up, annihilate (s, ed, ing); (to be) eliminated, dissolved, consumed, reduced, diminished, small, used up, spent, depleted, exhausted; (a, the) reduction, diminution, deterioration, diminishment, dissolution, dissipation, waning, lessening, elimination

xiao4M:0706fettered, imprisoned, shackled (in stocks)

xiao4M:2601(the) filial (to honor one’s parents)

xiao4M:2615laughter, good humor, mirth, merriment

xie4M:6318turbid, unsettled, muddy; cleaned, cleared

xin1M:2735(a, the) heart, mind; affection, conscience, desire, disposition, emotion, feeling, idea, intention, moral nature, motive, reason, sense, thought, will; center, core, middle(s); (to be) ... hearted, ... minded; (a, the) heart’s, mind’s, conscience’s

xin1M:2737improvement, renewal, upgrades (ing)

xin4M:2748(a, the) assurance, belief, comprehension, confidence, collateral, conviction, credence, credibility, credit, credulity, (good) faith, faithfulness, reliance, reliability, sincerity, security, token, trust, pledge, promise (in, of), word of honor, truth(fulness); evidence, indication, message, sign, symptom; (to) believe (in), confide, rely (on, upon), count on, trust (in) (s, ed, ing); (to be) assured (of), believed, consistent, confident, convincing, credible, faithful, honest, reliable, sincere, true, trusted, truthful, sure (of), trusting; indeed, surely, truly; (similar to fu2, 1936, but a little more abstract, more about words, less about heart)

xing1M:2753exuberance, rising up, encouragement

xing2M:2754(to) advance, go (forward, forth), circulate, come and go, develop, go about, journey, keep pace, lead, make progress, march, move (about, on, forward), pass (by), proceed, progress, set (out, forth), step (forward), take steps, travel, wander; act, behave, conduct oneself, do, carry out, enact, function, mobilize, take action, practice, perform, walk, wander; happen, occur, come to pass, develop, further, prevail (s, ed, ing); (to be) acting, active, advanced, done, carried out, functional, gone, mobile, moved (forward), moving, on the move, in motion, in process, passed, practiced, practicing, prevalent; adequate, capable, competent, good enough, makeshift, temporary, viable; (a, the) (this, such) (in) act(ion, ivity), advance, adventure, behavior, capacity, conduct, course, deed, development, endeavor, engagement, function, going, initiative, journey, manner, march, move, (forward) motion, movement, moving, natural power, occurence, passage, passing, practice, procedure, process, progress(ion); course, journey, road, street, path, step, way

xing2M:2755to sanction, discipline, punish, penalize

xing2M:2759form, shape, embodiment, manifestation (s)

xing3M:5744visit; study, examine, inspect, watch (ed)

xing4M:2771(its) natural disposition, inner spirit, nature

xiong1M:2807(if, when, where) elder, senior brother

xiong1M:2808(to be) unfortunate, ill-omened, inauspicious, bitter, unlucky, unlikely, untimely, disappointing, foreboding, ominous, unhappy, sad, miserable, disastrous, adverse, stuck, bad, baleful, brutal, fierce, ferocious, cruel, intractable, malevolent, fearsome, fearful, tragic; caught, trapped; (a, the) (has, have, having) trouble, pitfall, misfortune, failure, disappointment, accident, adversity, woe, bad (luck, omen, sign), unhappiness, misery, suffering; the worst; (to) fail; fear (s, ed, ing); bodes ill (for); (in) trouble(s), (has/holds) pitfall(s)

xiu1M:2786retiring from, stopping, relaxing, easing out of

xiu1M:2795to restore, refine, regulate, trim, cultivate

xiu1M:2797(the) shame, disgrace (ful), unworthy

xu1M:2819wide-eyed, amazed, astonished, [bug-eyed]

xu1M:2821(to be) empty, open, wanting, unoccupied, vacant, hollow, emptied (out), false, futile, (in) vain, unreal, insubstantial, void, deceptive, untrue, vacuous, abstract, imaginary, fallacious, specious, worthless, useless, null, ruined, 449 idle; nominal, figurative, theoretical; unprejudiced, humble, modest, clear, pure, (not full of self); (to) vacate, empty (out), open (up), drain, want (s, ed, ing); (a, the) ruin, mound; void, emptiness, futility, vanity, lack, want, vacancy, stillness, hollowness; openness

xu1M:2844(to be) essential, needful, necessary, insufficient, tantalized, suspended; (a, the) anticipation, suspense, expectation, desire, demand, need, duty, obligation, necessity, requirement, prerequisite; (to) wait, await, abide, bide time, postpone, tarry, stop, defer, do without, watch for, look out for, need, require (s, ed, ing); Shuowen has stopped by rain, waiting it out instead of not waiting for rain; [deferred gratification]

xu1M:2845(the) silk jacket; fine clothing, glossed as ru2

xu1M:2847necessity, patience, waiting; essential

xu2M:2841slowly; haltingly, hesitantly, carefully

xu4M:2851(to be) sequential, successive, ordered, ranked, orderly, arranged; (a, the) order, rank, sequence, succession, arrangement, precedence; preface, forward, introduction; (to) order, arrange in order; each in its place

xu4M:2862(to) worry, take to heart, fret, fear, grieve, pity, suffer, care, sympathize, take care, care about (s, ed, ing); (to give) relief, alms, care, sympathy, compassion, consolation, succor; (to be) worried, concerned (with), anxious; zealous; taken to heart; (a, the) worry, anxiety, concern, care, pity, sorrow, suffering, anguish, sympathy, solicitude (s)

xu4M:2865(to) continue, connect; go (ing) on, through

xuan2M:2881(is, in) indigo, blue-black, black

xuan2M:2894come full circle; (make, made) a circuit

xuan4M:2886grip, haft; carrying bar, pole

xue2M:2899(the, that, this) pit, hole, cave, tomb, cavern

xue4M:2901(a, the) blood, bleeding, ardor, hot bloodedness; (hot temper); (to) bleed (s, ed, ing); (to be) bloody; (of) blood, blood’s

xun1M:2906choke, smother, suffocate, (be)fog, fume (s)

xun2M:2915ten days, a long week [an ancient ten-day week ]

xun2M:2929gradual, gentle, natural, compliant, mild (ly)

xun4M:5550(to) penetrate, enter, gain admittance, gain entry, gain access, reach into, insinuate, coax, wheedle, infringe, infiltrate, influence; submit, resign, accommodate; adapt, conform, yield (to); take (place, form, shape); withdraw (s, ed, ing); (a, the) entry, access, penetration, adaptation, encroachment(s), admittance, adaptability, accommodation, conformance, versatility, finesse, subtlety, resilience, [plasticity]; (to be) submitted to, put into, adaptive, adapted to, accommodating, submissive, following, subservient, docile, humble; versatile, opportunistic; withdraw or retreat to go around, with no intention of giving up; Ap sun4

Y111 characters

ya2M:7214tusks, teeth, ivories, fangs, [ smile, grin]

yan2M:7330herein, therein; here, there, in that situation

yan2M:7334(a, the) (written) character, chatter, critique, criticism, discussion, expression, gossip, language, oratory, reference, rumor, speech, statement, talk, word (s); talk (of); speaker, talker, orator; adage, dictum, idea, maxim, opinion, proverb, saying, theory; things to say, something to say; (to) address, advise, chatter, communicate, describe, discuss, express, gossip, mean, opine, praise, preach, say, speak, talk, tell (of, about), verbalize (s, ed, ing); (to be) said, spoken; thus, there, and so; - spoken, -verbal; verbally

yan2M:7347dignity, solemnity, gravity, reserve(ations)

yan3M:7380(is) covered over, enclosed; shut, penned in

yan3M:7402(a, the) abundan ce, fullness (of flow), flow

yan4M:7364relaxed; at leisure, (with) peace of mind, rest

yan4M:7399comfort, calm, satisfy (ing); rest, peace, ease

yang2M:7247goat ; } ram "

yang2M:7259(and) promotes, advances, spreads, sows

yang2M:7261poplar, willow

yang2M:7265(a, the) light, sunshine, brightness, energy, life, superior power; (the) known, male, positive (principle), south (side), front, sunny side, up side, bright side; banners in the sun; (to be) light, positive, active, sunny, shiny, shining, elated, open, overt, clear, dynamic, vigorous, bold, male; (to) pretend, simulate

yang3M:7254(to) foster, rear, raise, feed, nourish, nurture, sustain, develop, bring (about, up), give birth to, bear children, cultivate, take care of, care for, provide (for), support, maintain, keep, preserve, refresh, tame (s, ed, ing); (a, the) provender, provisions, nourishment, sustenance, husbandry, care, convalescence, rest; (to be) longing, grieved; adoptive; hence 450

yao4M:7501medicate, drug; medicine(s), medication

ye3M:7314(the) wild(s), waste(land)(s), open country

ye4M:7315(a, the) night, darkness

yi1M:2989worn; wear

yi1M:2990dependably, reliably, honorably, responsibly

yi1M:3016(a, the) one; integrity, oneness, uniformity, union, unit, point, unity, whole (of), wholeness; an instance, one time; (to be) first, lead, single, simple, whole; alike, identical, the same; single-hearted, devoted (to) integrate, unify, unite (into) (s, ed, ing); as soon as, once; uniquely

yi2M:2940(a, the) doubt, distrust, mistrust, uncertainty, hesitation, fear, dislike, suspicion, question, wavering, disbelief; (to be) doubtful, dubious, suspect(ed), uncertain, questioned, questionable; skeptical, suspicious, hesitant, in doubt, similar; (to) doubt, question, hesitate, waver, suspect, distrust, mistrust, disbelieve, fear, dislike; suppose; appear as; [hypothesize] (s ed, ing); as if

yi2M:2969(a, the) appetite, hunger (s); nourishment, nutrition, sustenance, jaws, open jaws, mouth, hungry mouth, chin, cheek; self-care; (to) take care of oneself, keep fit, consume, eat, take in, ingest, feed on, nourish, rear, feed, furnish necessities, care for (s, ed, ing); (to be) appetitive, hungry, oral; with appetite, with hunger(ing)

yi2M:2982(to be) hidden, obscure(d), covered, covert, kept out of sight, suppressed, repressed, common, usual, invisible, level, even, just, equal, smooth, plain, simple, ordinary, vulgar, foreign, barbaric, distant, injured, hurt, wounded, dark; (to) hide, obscure, cover, make ordinary, suppress, disappear, fade into context, repress, injure, kill, wound, hurt, extinguish (s, ed, ing); (to feel) at rest, at ease, tranquil, safe, secure, sated, satisfied, full; (a, the) hiddenness, obscurity, cover, dark, cloak, shroud; need to know, camouflage; without color

yi2M:2986(and) sniveling, sniffling (nasal mucus)

yi2M:2993(to be) appropriate, fit, fitting, proportionate, meet, proper, right, due, seemly, reasonable, suited, suitable, harmonious, correct, good, necessary, adjusted to, adapted to, fit (to); (a, the) propriety, decorum, dignity, appropriateness, fitness, accord, proportion, due proportion, meetness, rightness, necessity; model, proper conduct, proper manner; (to) befit, suit; fit, adjust, adapt (to), put in order; approve (s, ed, ing); ought (to), should, must, had better; what should be; in accordance with; appropriately, properly

yi2M:2995(and, or) neglect, abandonment, withdrawal

yi2M:3003(a, the) sacred dance, rites, observances

yi3M:2930(to) restrained, refrain cease, close, complete, conclude, culminate, achieve, decline, desist, end, finish, quit (doing), reject, dismiss, rest, show restraint, stop; have (had) enough, bring ... to an end, put ... down, set ... aside (s, ed, ing) (this); (a, the) closure, completion, conclusion, end(s), excess, fulfillment, rest, satisfaction; (to be) completed, done, enough, finished, past, beyond; already, too, definitely, completely; no more, that is all, there already; the past tense

yi3M:2932(a, the) how, instrument, means, method, way (of/to), use (of); cause, intention, motive, purpose, reason, usefulness (for/of/to); (to) use (as, by, in, for, with, to); make (use of); utilize; take (advantage of); apply, try (as, in, to); act (by, with); avail of; employ (as, in, for, to); serve, help (as, in, for, to); (thereby) become, come (from/to), follow; resort, reach, extend, lead; approach, consider, deal with, deem, mean, regard, take, think of/about, treat (as); profit by, benefit from; (s, ed, ing); by (using, taking), by (way, means) of, by that which, by such means; for (in, this; the purpose/sake of), useful for; with, with which (to), with (this, these); along with, together with; of, out of, the use of; through, through which, through using, through the use of; (in order/serving) to, to be/have; (and) accordingly, consequently, therefore, thus, thereby, therewith, since (it is, they are), because/on account (of), wherefore, on the ground(s) of which, from/out of this, due to; according to, in accord with; although, though; until, until one can, when, where; inasmuch, insofar as; is on the way to; into, before, behind, out of, into; it, itself, that; (to be) beneficial, profitable, useful (in/for/to); as (if) (a, the) (way, means) (to); (it, which) serves to; so as to; how, that, in this way, why 451

yi3M:2938an intensifier; alone, as such, especially, indeed, in truth, just (so), merely, only, plainly, simply, truly, really; at present, now, at all, period, done; itself, of itself, by itself; as is, as it is, as they are, in simplicity; is supposed to, is expected to; may; if, when, here, in this; here?; ...?; the truly ..., such ..., what ..., how ...; so (very) ..., only ..., merely ..., simply ..., truly ..., really ..., actually ..., surely ... (!); is this?; so?; (to be) plain, simple; completely, entirely; at least, certainly, especially, surely, truly; similar to Yi3, 2930, past tense

yi3M:3017Yi(’s) [ next to the last Shang Emperor ] "

yi4M:2952(to be) amiable, at ease/leisure, easy, lenient, light, natural, pleased, naturally given, relaxed, relaxing, simple, spontaneous, versatile; complacent, indifferent, inattentive, lax, negligent; in process; (to) change, exchange, consider easy, ease, relax, transform, transpose, permute, alter (s, ed, ing); (a, the) change, complacency, ease, exchange, facility, laxity, leisure, permutation, process, simplicity, spontaneity, transformation, versatility; easily; in the exchange, in the process

yi4M:2960intending, meaning, thinking; with the idea

yi4M:2999restrains, disciplines, trains; improves

yi4M:3002(to) mean, signify, suggest, advise, indicate, warrant, merit, plan rightly, function properly, criticize, deserve (s, ed, ing); (to be) meant, signified, suggested, advised, recommended, indicated, prescribed, proper, deserving, 452 warranted, apt, meaningful, reasonable, principled, significant, due, just, right, rightful, righteous, fair, equitable; faithful, loyal; copied, adopted; false, artificial; (a, the) morality, moralizing, responsibility, conscience, duty, public spirit, righteousness, principle, proper function, right (conduct), obligation, justice, justness, reason, aptness, aptitude, significance, purport, imitation, meaning, true sense (s) (of, for, to); rightly, reasonably, understandably, correctly, meaningfully; (on, in) principle; for a reason; should be, ought to be; generally refers to rightness applied from without, not inherent.

yi4M:3006(and) discuss, deliberate, consider, weigh (s)

yi4M:3008(being) held up; dragged, pulled back

yi4M:3009help up

yi4M:3013(his, the) nose cut off

yi4M:3018(bow)hunts (with tethered/harpoon arrows)

yi4M:3021(and) also, then, only, further, so, still; yet, too, moreover, furthermore, likewise, after all; truly, really, especially, surely, actually, precisely, sufficiently; but, but still, true but, yet, besides, while, however, nevertheless; even more, more than ever, still more; reciprocally, similarly; in turn; what ...; such ...

yi4M:3037(a, the) town, village, district, city, fiefdom, settlement, home town, townsite, community; walled or fortified town, seat of local office or government; (a, the) town’s, home town’s, community’s, district’s; locally

yi4M:3042(a) hundred thousand, countless (times)

yi4M:3051(a, the) Wings, flanks, aids, defenses; appendices, commentaries; (to) assist, shelter, defend, protect, aid (s, ed, ing)

yi4M:3052(to) add, advance, augment, benefit, enrich, expand, fill (up), further, gain, give, grant, grow, increase (by), progress, promote, profit, reinforce, replenish, restore, strengthen (to) (s, ed, ing); (a, the) addition, advantage, augmentation, benefit, enrichment, expansion, gain, gift, grant (of), surplus, overflow, increase, profit, value; (to be) beneficial, gainful, profitable, increased, advantageous, augmented, progressive, restorative, useful; expansive, rich; additionally, more, all the more, expansively, further, increasingly; more and more

yin1M:7418crow(ing), (an-, pro)nouncement, message(s)

yin1M:7423generous, eager, enthusiastic, ardent (ly)

yin1M:7444(a, the) shadow(s), shade, darkness, mystery, matter, material; (the) unknown, negative (principle), north, moon, back, dark side, south bank of a river, north side of a hill, female; (to be) dark, shady, shadowy, passive, inertial, secret, private, mysterious, hidden, dim, overcast, cloudy, covered, intriguing; (to) cloak, conceal, overshadow (s, ed, ing)

yin2M:7427loins, lower back, waist, area of kidneys +

yin3M:7429(to be)led, lured, attracted, enticed, drawn (by, to) +

yin3M:7454drinks; takes refreshment

ying2M:7474(to) complete, exceed, overtop, fill (up), overfill, pile up, overflow, (over)replenish, (over)satisfy, wax (s, ed, ing); (a, the) abundance, excess(iveness), fulfillment, (over)fullness, overflow, overplus, replenishment, satisfaction, surfeit, surplus; (to be) (too) full (of), fulfilled, filled with, overly full; abundant, brimming, flooded, overflowing, replenished, replete, satisfied, superfluous; enough, more than, much, too much, overmuch, in/to excess, to satiety; (at, when) full; over-

ying4M:7477(to) respond, correspond, relate, agree, conform, befit, correlate, resonate, reciprocate, accord, concord, fit, fit together, harmonize, 453 sympathize, participate, answer, reply, echo, meet, receive, attract, face, complement, reinforce, fulfill, complete (each other), fulfill (s, ed, ing) (in, with, to); (to be) responsive, resonant, corresponding, reciprocal, harmonious, befitting, attuned, synchronized, fitting, suitable, proportionate, complementary, necessary; in resonance, in tune; attuned (in, with, to); right, fitting, due, proper, merited, deserved; (a, the) reciprocity, attunement, harmony, concord, relationship; response, reply, answer (in, with, to); should, must, ought; as complements; each other; both ways; in relation to

yong1M:7578battlement, rampart (s); fortified wall

yong2M:8008^ dignity(fied), majesty(estic); imposing, great

yong3M:7589(to be) lasting, enduring, far reaching, everlasting, everflowing, endless, distant, continued, continuing, long, prolonged, longer, longest, perpetual, constant, eternal, drawn out, protracted, unrelenting, sustained; (to) perpetuate, lengthen, prolong, protract, sustain, draw out, prosecute (s, -ed, -ing); (a, the) duration, longevity, perpetuity; forever, always

yong4M:7567(to) use, utilize make (use of); act, apply, avail of, carry out, direct, do, effect, employ, execute, exploit, make, operate, rely (on, upon), take (advantage), try, wage, work with; engage (in, to, with); (put into) practice, put to use; function, perform (as); advance, consecrate, dedicate, offer, offer in sacrifice, sacrifice, present, give; expend, spend, send (by, for, in, with, to) (s, ed, ing); (to be) applied, employed, made (use of), used, tried (by, for, in, with, to); available, applicable, functional, helpful, productive, practical, reliable, useful (by, for, in, with, to); (was, were) used, made, made use of, employed, applied; (a, the) application, aptitude, efficacy, employment, function, method, operation, practice, practicality, use, usage, usefulness, utility (in, of); implement, tool, utensil, mean (s) (to, for); dedication, consecration, offering, presentation, sacrifice (to); expense, exertion, outlay, work, (of); practitioner, strategist; with, using, of, by (way means) of; for, to, so as to; hence, because of; thereby, therewith, hereby, herewith, whereby, thereupon; thereon, on (this, that) occasion; (in) (the) use, practice, operation, application (of); -ist

you1M:7505(an, the) obscure, secluded, solitary; ^ 54.2

you1M:7508a cause for mourning, grief, suffering

you1M:7519(a, the) place, direction, way, purpose, cause, reason, destination, aim, objective, focus, orientation, bearing(s), goal, plan; -where; purposefully, intentionally, deliberately; that which, (that) for which, whereby; some; whatsoever; which, who, where, what; somewhere (else, specific); mark of the passive voice

you2M:7511(a, the) blame, reproach, guilt, question; fault, flaw, error, mistake, wrong, misdeed, excess, evil, calamity, complaint, resentment, transgression, murmuring; (to) blame, begrudge, bear a grudge, resent, complain, exceed, surpass, transgress (s, ed, ing); (to be) blamed, at fault, in error, mistaken, wrong, questionable; remarkable, excelling; (still) more, furthermore; excessively

you2M:7513(at) (the) source, spring, beginning, cause (s)

you3M:7507(a, t he) window, hole in the wall

you3M:7533(to) be, (in) being; (there, one, it, this, they, those) is, am, are, was, were, being, has, have, had, has/have been, will be, come(s) to be; (there is) one, someone, something; exist, remain, stay (s); become, arise, appear, grow, attain to, learn to be, turn into; (there) will, would, could, may, might, can (be); (this) will get; (if there) is, are, was, were; (were) there, one, it, they; have, (in) having; (one, that, they) has, have, had; has one’s, have their; had (one’s, their); contain, hold (onto), keep, maintain, own, 454 retain, possess, stay; presume, assume, remember, take ... for granted; will have, (one they) (will, could, might, may) have; bring (up, about); get, achieve, acquire, attain, capture, claim, earn, find, gain, learn, take on; seize, take, took (possession of) (s, ed, ing); (to be) present, there; in possession of, possessed of, with; contained, held; abundant, rich, plentiful; (a, the) attainment, claim, possession (of); being, existence, presence; domain, dominion (in, over); what exists/is there; the, this, this one, the one in question; something; anybody, somebody, someone (’s); given this/that, this (being) given; of, about, with, for; His (especially of the sovereign), his, her, its, their; will, would ... with, to, for; -ing, -ous

you3M:7540companion, friend, partner, associate

you4M:7536deals leniently; (is) broad-minded; excuses

you4M:7539given, assuming this; if so

you4M:7541(and) protect(ing), defend(ing); ^(and) right

you4M:7543(is) protection, succor, assistance, shelter (v)

yu2M:7592(be, is, are) in, within, inside, under, into, amidst, among, along, beside(s), through, to, towards, at, by, with, of, before, facing; on, upon, over, atop, on top of, up (on, to, above); as (to), from, as from; after, while (on), during, when; in place of, in the direction of, in a direction with respect to; the, this, these, those; with reference to, with respect to, than; (to) go, go to, go into, from, through; come from, for; proceed, face; enlarge (s, -ed, -ing)

yu2M:7605the first person, I, me, we, us

yu2M:7606(in, for) established, cultivated (third year) fields

yu2M:7618(a, the) carriage, carrier, cart, chariot, sedan, wagon, vehicle, transport, transportation, capacity, carrying capacity; basis, support, 455 fundamentals; underlings, crowd, masses, multitude, many, groundswell (of popular support); ground, earth; (to) transport, carry, hold, haul, cart, contain, sustain, bear, carry on the shoulders (s, ed, ing)

yu2M:7635withdraw, amend, retract; change (ing) (to, in))

yu2M:7642excess(iveness), transgression; to exceed

yu2M:7643(similar to Yu2, 7592): (to be) about, above, across, after, against, along, amidst, among, as (to, from), at, atop, in, before, beside (s), between, by, during, facing, for, from, in, inside, into, more than, nearing, of, on, on top of, out of, over, than, through, throughout, to, towards, under, upon, when, while (on), with, within; up (on, to, above); along/combined with; in place of, in the direction of, in a direction with respect to, with respect to; referring, related, relative (to); the, this, these, those; with reference/respect to; as ... as, so ... as; (to) go into, from, through; come from, for; proceed, face; compare/relate with/to; enlarge (s, ed, ing)

yu2M:7648preparation, provision, readiness; forester+*

yu2M:7668of fish(es); [prosperous, contented people]

yu3M:7615(to) accompany, ally, associate, band together, collaborate, combine, consort, cooperate, coordinate, get along, go along, help, interact, join (company), meet, partake, participate, share, side, take part, team up, work (in, with); approve (of), allow, assist, help, back (up), dignify, endow, favor, give (to), grant, offer, reinforce, hold, serve, support; compare to/with (s, ed, ing); (to be) along, together, in accord/concert/conjunction (with); accompanied (by), alongside, in the company of, present at, compared to/with, in relation to, concerted, joined, coordinated, collaborative, rich, shared; (a, the) accompaniment, allowance, assistance, association, coalition, collaboration, company, concert, conjunction, cooperation, help, relation, sharing, support, union, participation; as well as; with ... help, with the help of; and, against, amidst, among, or, (along, together) with, to; an interrogative particle, rhetorical question; expression of doubt or surprise

yu3M:7651(and) expression, discourse, discussion (s)

yu3M:7658feathers, pinons, plumes

yu3M:7662(a, the) rain, shower, precipitation, bounty, favor (s); (to) rain, rain upon, fall (s, ed, ing); (to be) rainy

yu4M:7603(to) prepare, provide, allow, (get, make) ready, prearrange, anticipate, presume, make allowance(s), take precaution(s) (for); think beforehand; be happy, be content, rejoice (s, ed, ing); (a, the) preparation, preparedness, readiness, anticipation; willingness, cheerfulness, enthusiasm, contentment; complacency, smugness, indulgence, swinishness, surplus, surfeit; responsive action, easy movement; excursions back and forth; (to be) prepared (for), ready (for); alerted, cautious, careful; willing, content (to); comfortable, satisfied, at ease, happy (with); docile; idle, remiss; preliminary, provisional; already, previously, beforehand; elephant-like, slow, heavy, ponderous, deliberate, inertial; in advance, in preparation

yu4M:7617(a, the) praise, acclaim, honor, respect, admiration, appreciation, approval, recognition, commendation, fame, reputation, reknown, glory; (to) commend, eulogize, praise, extol, laud, flatter (s, ed, ing); (to be) praised, honored, admired, respected

yu4M:7625(to) encounter, meet (with), greet, find, happen upon, run into, fall in with, come across, happen, occur, coincide, match with, rival, face, accept, receive, acknowledge, entertain, treat, engage, win the confidence of (s, ed, ing); (a, the) greeting, acknowledgment, agreement, meeting, entertainment, encounter, reception; chance, opportunity, luck, occurrence, coincidence, happenstance, engagement, treatment

yu4M:7664to master, manage, negotiate, navigate

yu4M:7665oppose; defend, protect, guard against, from "

yu4M:7666(a) jade

yu4M:7667tolerating, indulging, accepting, condoning

yu4M:7671passion, desire, longing, lust, hunger, want

yu4M:7685legal process, (en)force(ment); justice +

yu4M:7687(in, by) fostering, nourishing, developing

yu4M:8009^ rope; (the) rope

yuan1M:7723(the, this) deep, depth, abyss, chasm

yuan2M:7707(to be) (the) (most) supreme, sublime, first, first-rate, first class, preeminent, superlative, excellent, outstanding, ultimate, superior, unique, leading, finest, best, greatest, prime, primary, priority, principle; principal, chief, top, head, leader, lead, eldest, basic, fundamental, original, essential; (a, the) beginning, source, cause, basis, commencement, origin; most, supremely, extremely; -est; (the meaning was later watered down, and so this is incorrectly glossed in the Wings and elsewhere as Da4, 5943, great, grand, big, etc. Yuan in the Zhouyi is a superlative, not a superior comparative: most instead of more; best instead of better)

yuan2M:7725(if, for) (a, an, the) early, first, original, natural

yuan2M:7731(and) (in) gardens, parks, orchards

yuan3M:7734(to be) distant, remote, alien, afar, long, beyond, removed, (so) far (away, reaching, removed) (from); (to) depart, leave, go away, keep away, keep at a distance, keep far from, send away, extend, distance (oneself), remove, deviate far (s, ed, ing); (a, the) distant, far (away), remote; reach, extent, remoteness, distance, detachment; (long in space or time)

yuan4M:7729(a, the) hope, aspiration, wish, desire, longing, vow, pledge, promise, dream; (to) long (for), think (of, about), be willing, hope, expect, aspire, wish, desire (s, ed, ing) (for, to); (to be) ready, willing, hopeful, desirous, aspiring

yuan4M:7740an officer, a substitute; to wield. Perhaps u.f. yuan

yue1M:7493simply, expediently, expeditiously, quickly

yue1M:7694(to) say, says, said, saying (that); assert, call (out), claim, declare, designate, imply, mean, read, refer, remark, speak, suggest, talk, tell, vow, avow, utter (of/about/to) (s, ed, ing); (to be) called, designated, named, referred to, said, spoken, termed; so called; namely; thus, so, and so, hence; (so, thus) (it, this) is said, named, called; it is said (that); thus said, spoken thus, thus spoken; such is

yue4M:5939(a, the) pleasure, satisfaction, satiety, joy, enjoyment, delight, cheer, stimulation, stimuli, influence, persuasion, attraction, relief; (to) take pleasure in, enjoy, feel good, rejoice (in), delight (in), please, give pleasure, satisfy; influence, persuade, sway (s, ed, ing); (to be) satisfied, stimulated, relieved, influenced, persuaded, glad, delighted, attracted, contented, pleased, happy, pleasurable, satisfying, 456 influential, enjoyable, stimulating, attractive, persuasive; (used for Yue4, 7702, 61+7; character pronounced as Shuo1, 5939, at 04.1, 09.3, 26.2, 33.2, 38.6, 47.5)

yue4M:7498(a, the) (modest, sparing) spring sacrifice + "

yue4M:7504to dance, gambol, hop, cavort, leap +

yue4M:7696(a, the) moon, month

yue4M:7697(and) feet cut off; footless; [defeeted]

yun2M:7750(a, the) cloud(s), fog, mist, crowds; (to be) cloudy, numerous

yun3M:7756dropped, fallen, tumbled; to drop, fall, tumble

yun3M:7759permission, allowance, grant, liberty (s) +

yun4M:7765co nceives; (has) conceived; (is) pregnant

yun4M:7766displeasure, indignity, vexation, irritation +

Z87 characters

za2M:6646(to be) miscellaneous, assorted, various, of various kinds, variegated; mixed (up), brought together, confused, random; (a, the) diversity, variety; za jia, the eclectic school

zai1M:6650here, indeed, in fact; now, currently, this day; (a, the) admiration, surprise, wonder; (to) begin; (most) certainly, emphatically; indeed, really, surely, truly; will ... ?; at all !; (how/so (very) / such / what) ... !; exclamatory particle

zai1M:665162.6 adversity, disaster, suffering, calamity

zai1M:6652(a, the) disaster, calamity, adversity, hurt, misfortune, crisis, accident, injury, harm, misery, distress, affliction, suffering, disease, misfortune; divine judgment, chastisement, scourge; (to be) adverse, harmful, injurious, unfortunate, ill-omened, ill-timed; (to) suffer (s, ed, ing)

zai4M:6653(to) carry (on), hold up, uphold, sustain, bear, keep, transport, haul, convey, load, contain, deliver, supply, honor, obey, support, enjoy, receive, undertake, pick up, start work, initiate, achieve, fill, fill in; publish, record (s, ed, ing); (a, the) load, undertaking, achievement; cargo, freight, transport(ation), conveyance; at first; (to be) coveyed

zai4M:6657(to be) (still) in, within, inside, amidst; at, here; present, current, placed, positioned, situated, stationed, located (in), by, to, on, upon, over, across, above; therein, herein; in this, involved with; (to) exist, consist, lie (in, within), live, dwell, reside, abide in/on/upon, remain, await, belong (to), rest with, depend (on, upon), sit, stay; happen, occur (s, ed, ing) (in); (a, the) presence, existence, place, locus; here is; is that of, are those of; is from; when, now, then

zai4M:6658(to ask) two, twice; again; (the) second

zan1M:6679(as, like) hair (by a) clasp, ring, pin, snood

zang1M:6704right; good order; secret, classified, strategic

zao4M:6730creates, advances; at work, in action

ze2M:0277(a, the) lake, pool, pond, body of water, wetland, swamp, marsh, moisture; open surface, wetness, dampness, saturation; benefit, favor, kindness; (to) fertilize, annoint, benefit, favor, enrich (s, ed, ing); (to be) moist, glossy, polished

ze2M:6746(to be) accorded, as a result/rule, deserved, due (to), justified, principled, resulting from, warranted; (a, the) criterion, example, consequence, given(s), guideline, law, measure, model, norm, (due) order, pattern, precedent, principle, reason, regulation, rule, standard, system (s); consequence result (of), order of things; (to) become, come to be, deserve, entail, give rise to, imply, lead to, mean, imitate, 457 merit, precede, result in, warrant, (s, ed, ing); from having, since, but otherwise/beyond this; is then; (and, so) (will) accordingly, after that, consequently, immediately, necessarily, normally, since, so, subsequently, then, thereby, therefore, thereupon, thus, usually; will (then) be(come); and consequent ... ; in accord(ance) with this; in that case/event, in due course/order; it follows that; as, when ... happens/occurs; if...then; given (that)/when/with ... then; but if, otherwise

ze4M:6755declines, goes down; after noon, in decline

zhai2M:0275(a, their) place, position, base; dwelling (s)

zhan1M:0125divining, casting lots, prognosticating

zhan1M:8010^turning around, back; giving up, quitting +

zhan4M:0147(at) war; do, join battle, combat; fight

zhang1M:0182(in, of) display, composition, order, elegance "

zhang1M:0195stretch, tense, string, draw (ing)

zhang3M:0213(to) complete, continue, develop, endure, excel, go on, grow (tall), increase, keep up, last (long), master, perfect, perpetuate, persist, prevail, profit, prosper, reach for, survive, sustain, take the lead (s, ed, ing); (to be) (long-) lasting, lived, term; always, continued, durable, enduring, eternal, excelling, excellent, growing, long, old, perpetual, persistent, prevailing, surviving, sustained, tall, tenured; continually, eternally, perpetually, regularly, steadily, for long; (a, the) continuance, endurance, length, longevity, long life, long time, maturity, perpetuity, prosperity; strong point, forte; as Zhang3: (the) chief, elder, eldest, senior, superior; (to be) grown up, mature, experienced, long lasting, long standing

zhang4M:0200(a, the) mature, elder. responsible, respectable

zhao1M:0233(the) morning

zhao1M:0236show, display, illuminate, radiate, illustrate (s)

zhao4M:0238(and) illuminating, shining, radiating

zhe2M:0267(to, in, when) execute, decide (ing); cutting

zhe3M:0263is what, is that which

zhen1M:0346(a, the) persistence, determination, resolve, resolution, stamina, focus, loyalty, fidelity, devotion, firmness, steadiness, holding power, staying power, constancy, consistency, steadfastness, commitment, survival, perseverance, truth, loyalty, purity, virtue, rectitude, ethic, (moral, ethical) integrity, firmness of word; a divination inquiry; (to be) persistent, determined, resolved, resolute, focused, loyal, firm, steady, constant, consistent, steadfast, committed, dedicated, sustained, true, real, correct, straight, genuine, earnest, tested, tried, certain, chronic; (to) persist, resolve, stand fast, keep going, continue, focus, test, try (out), examine, observe, verify, correct, resolve a doubt, settle a question, inquire by divination, forsee; steadfastly, clearly, truly, unmistakably, really; (In earlier Shang times Zhen1 meant to divine, especially with a good auspice, and this implication still exists in the Zhouyi in places. By the Zhou it meant to test, try out, or correct (the verb true). The common thread is to discover and track that which persists through the changes)

zhen3M:0308(a) resting place (to rest), pillow, headrest (s)

zhen4M:0313stimulates, (a)rouses, stirs up, quickens

zhen4M:0315(a, the) shock, thunder, shakeup, excitement, arousal, stimulation, movement, motion, force, power, energy, vibration, quake, terror, awe, unexpected; (to) shake (up), excite, stimulate, quicken, rouse, arouse, motivate, move, marshal; inspire, frighten, shock, startle, scare, alarm; tremble, vibrate, lift, quiver, dust off (s, ed, ing); (to be) shaken, shook up, excited, roused, aroused, stimulated, moved, motivated, frightened, startled, scared, alarmed; awe inspiring

zheng1M:0352(to) expedite, aggress, assert, issue, go, go boldly (forth, forward), march (against), campaign (against), impose, levy (taxes), punish, attack, invade, subjugate, discipline; progress, advance (upon, boldly), arrogate, move against, go forth, press, push, (on, forward, this, the issue, matters); force (the) issue, matter; venture, 458 advance (thus); to go on (an, the) (military) expedition (s, ed, ing) (a, the) assertiveness, enterprise, adventure, venture, campaign, initiative, aggression, police action, (punitive) expedition, pressure, (purposeful, autonomous) action; (on) expedition, campaign, initiative; assertively, expeditiously, aggressively, boldly, invasively

zheng3M:0360relief, help, aid, assistance, a lift "

zheng4M:0351(to be) accurate, appropriate, certain, consistent, correct, ethical (in), exact(ing), formal, governed, honest, just, legal, moral, obedient, orderly, precise, predictable, principled, proper, punctual, straight, straightforward, regular, right, ruled (by), true, upright, upstanding, valid, (to) ascertain, confirm, correct, determine, govern, justify, obey, order, rectify, regulate, resolve, (set) right, rule, straighten (out/up), uphold; stop at the limit, keep the appointment, do right by, (be, stay) true to (s, ed, ing); (a, the) accuracy, justice, correctness, correct behavior, integrity, government, measure, norm, obedience, order, precision, principle(s), priority, rectitude (of), right, rightness, standard, model, truth, uprightness, validity, (with) integrity, principle, uprightness; by right of; accurately, consistently, correctly, exactly, rightly, rightfully, obediently, precisely, properly, uprightly, with rectitude; according to; during, just

zheng4M:0355policies, regulations, rules, legal measures

zhi1M:0932(to be) acquainted, aware, cognizant, conscious, familiar, informed, intimate, knowing, knowledgeable, learned, wise, perceptive, prudent, understanding (of, with); (to) acknowledge, acquaint, comprehend, deem, feel, know, learn, perceive, recognize, remember, understand; (take) note, notice; control, direct, operate; befriend, wait on (s, ed, ing); (a, the) assumption, comprehension, discretion, erudition, grasp, knowledge, prudence, recognition, sophistication, thinking, understanding, wisdom; friend, intimate, familiar; consciously, knowingly, prudently, wisely

zhi1M:0935...’s, ...s’; this, him, her, it, them; (to) have, has, had, will have (had), come to have; get, hold, keep, maintain, possess, take (it, this, these); be, (there) is, are, was, were, has/have been, become(s), will be, going to be, will have been (the, one of, that of, those of) or (one to, this to, that to) or (one who, they who, those who, that which, those which) or (for, to, in, of); come to, approach, arrive at, attain to, come into, extend to, fulfill, go (to, towards), lead to/into, leave for, move to, proceed to, reach, resort to, result in, verge on (having, being, coming, going); has/have come to be/have/hold; refer to, consider, hold, regard (as, with) (s, ed, ing); (having, being, coming, going) (s, ed, ing); (is, are, was, were, will be) about, among, around, as, at, by, during, for, from, in, of, on, over, through, to, towards, when, with, within, (one’s, his, her, its, their) (own); or (one, him, her, it, this, that, objects, a thing, things, something, them, they, these, the following, such, thus, same, here, what, that which, this one, such a one, such as these, this one, the others, someone, somebody) or (oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves); (a, the) outcome, result (s); (to be) resultant, final; in regard to; is this? are these?; this/that to/for; as long as, finally; -ly; genitive and attributive particle.

zhi1M:0952worthy (of); respectable; need for

zhi2M:0996to control, manage, contain, restrain

zhi2M:1006straight*(forward), upright, to the point

zhi2M:8000to kick; plant, dig in, stamp (the) feet, hooves

zhi3M:0939(to) stop, (keep, be, hold) still, settle (down), remain, halt, pause, rest, allay, cease (from), quit, desist, resist, restrain, constrain, control; object, oppose, arrest, detain, end, curb, check , linger, stay, dwell, lodge at (s, ed, ing); (to be) stopped, stilled, settled, halted, restrained, constrained, stable, motionless, satisfied, quiet, calm; (a, the) stability, restraint, poise, equilibrium, stillness, inaction; self- control, deportment, behavior, conduct; foot, heel; while, when, until, only, but yet, to, until, merely, simply

zhi3M:0942happiness, blessings (as footprints of spirits)

zhi3M:0944(a, the) toes, foot, feet, hoof, paw, stand, base, basis, stand, foundation, legs; (to) step (s, -ed, -ing)

zhi4M:0968(a, the) pheasant’s

zhi4M:0969young, tender, delicate, recent, childish

zhi4M:0971(a, the) will, intent, mind, mindset, target, resolution, resoluteness, determination, resolve, direction, focus, destination, bent, intention, scope, disposition, purpose, goal, ideal, end, aim, objective, expectation, aspiration, plan, 459 priority, ambition, wish, desire, hope, inclination; fixed purpose, mind’s objective, heart’s desire; spirit, mind; (to) will, intend, plan, determine, wish, hope, desire; keep in mind, remember (s, ed, ing) (to, for); (to be) willing, intent, set on, bent on, resolved, determined, directed, disposed

zhi4M:0976(&) put aside, away; placed; cast, abandoned

zhi4M:0982(to) attain, come, reach (to); arrive (at), accomplish, approach, become, come to be/pass, come up to, complete, result in, consummate, culminate, go as far as, succeed in, perfect (s, ed, ing); (to be) accomplished, approached, arrived at, attained, best, complete(d), consummate(d), extreme, farthest, finest, fulfilled, greatest, highest, most, perfect(ed), reached, realized, thorough, utmost, mature; adequate, suitable; (a, the) apex, attainment, completion, consummation, end (of), optimum, outcome, prime, ultimate, zentih; solstice, highest point, utmost; very, extremely, even, as far as, as much as, as long as, up to, at best, until; at, to; -est

zhi4M:0984(to) involve, bring about, bring forward, bring to utmost, occasion, result in, call for, call upon, invite, interest, ask for, permit, induce, cause, lead to, carry out, fulfill, send, come, complete, finalize, present, extend, offer, hand over, encourage, invoke, implicate, transmit, convey, attain, reach, gain, cultivate, develop, examine thoroughly; determine the solstice (s, ed, ing); (a, the) goal, conclusion; (to be) full, complete, final, conclusive, extensive, further; from ... to

zhi4M:0986restraint, constraint, control, definition (s)

zhi4M:0993(the) shackles, hobbles, fetters,(impediments)

zhi4M:0994(is, yet) resisted, obstructed, stifled, opposed

zhi4M:1021(is, are) healed, cured, set right, ordered

zhong1M:1500(to be) carried to conclusion, everlasting, complete, done, entire, eventual, final, finished, last, whole, utmost; all of, the whole of (it, this); (a, the) closure, conclusion, consummation, death, end, ending, finality, finish, finale, goal, last, limit, outcome, results, termination, terminus, whole of (s); (to) complete, (bring to an/the) end, (will) end (in, with), conclude (with), finish, last (all, a whole, an entire, to the end), lead to, outlast, persist, result in, end up, carry through, wrap up (s, ed, ing) (it, this); is finally, is at last, is all of; (at, by, in, of, to, until) (an, the) end (of, to); all, all ... long, after all, at last, to the last, to the end, eventually, ever, finally, throughout; completely, ultimately, definitely, indeed

zhong1M:1504(a, the) balance, center, concentration, core, focus, heart, inside, interior, mean, median, medium, middle, midpoint, midst (of); midday, noon; (the) balance point, stable point, point closest to all options; bullseye; (to be) accurate, balanced, central, concentric, concentrated, correct, in balance, inner, mediated, neutral, on target, right, tempered, true (to); average, mediocre, middling; amidst, among, between, in, inside, intermediate, into, in progress; centered in at the core/heart of; halfway between, midway, in the middle (of); (in, at) the center/midst of; within; proper, equilibrated, to the point; at mid-; (to) balance, center, concentrate, focus, mediate, temper, true, hit the center, attain, accomplish (s, ed, ing)

zhong4M:1517(a, the) crowd, group, multitude, mass(es), throng, large group/number (s); abundance; bulk, majority, rest, whole (of); (to be) abundant, common, manifold, many, much, myriad, numerous; popular, public; all, all of, every, everything, everywhere; every- (else) 460

zhou1M:1291boat’s, dugout’s, vessel’s

zhou4M:1302(and) (in, by) the light of

zhou4M:1305(re-) lined, tiled, bricked, furbished

zhu1M:1346(the) scarlet, red, vermillion ^(the)

zhu1M:1348(a) (^) cane, stick, rod, staff, branch, stem

zhu1M:1352censorship, proscription, denial, reproof

zhu1M:1362every; all of the; the many, numerous

zhu2M:1383(to) follow (a lead), pursue, chase, run after, give chase, seek after, hunt, take advantage of, press the advantage, press on, struggle, push the envelope , drive out, contest, push out, expel, exorcise, exile (s, ed, ing); (to be) on the trail of, right behind, driven by pursuit, successively, in order, in succession, one by one, in detail

zhu2M:1388(and) falter, stumble, stagger; fight, struggle

zhu3M:1336(a, the) authority, command, control, government, leadership, mastery; authority, better, chief, commander, head, host, leader, lord, master, prince, princess, owner, ruler, superior, (one/person) in charge/power; (to) act as lord, govern, lead, manage, officiate, preside (over), rule, take charge/control (of) (s, ed, ing); (to be) authoritative, confident, free of doubt, masterful, principle

zhuang4M:1453(to be) strong, vigorous, forceful, powerful, potent, fertile, big, large, great, mighty, grand, magnificent, stout, able-bodied, healthy, hardy, hearty, virile, full-blown, fully grown, dynamic, robust, fierce, dominant, animated, lively, indomitable in spirit, [alpha] ; (a, the) strength, vigor, energy, force, power, potency, prime of life, might, dominance, fierceness; (to) strengthen, embolden, enliven, encourage, enspirit, invigorate, animate, make better; (grow, wax) strong, etc. (s, ed, ing)

zhun1M:6592(to) rally, muster, collect (together), store up, bank (up), assemble, accumulate, pull together, bring together, summon (help), congregate, secure; need help, need assistance, struggle, sprout, start (out) small (s, ed, ing); (to be) in difficulty, in need of (help, assistance), sparing, hard, difficult; (a, the) village, congregation, camp, rally, initial difficulty, difficult start, birth pains, early trials, rites of passage; a single blade of grass, bending and twisting; (to consolidate gains while cutting losses); to garrison or station soldiers; ap tun2, especially as to station (soldiers) or store up

zhuo2M:1257(but) weigh, consider, think about, ponder

zi1M:6923counsel, proposals, plans, reports, advice +

zi1M:6927endowed with, provided; (en)rich(ed) in, at

zi1M:6932clearing, breaking new ground, soil

zi1M:6935(the, these) present, given; these this

zi3M:6939(a, the) babe, boy, child, son, daughter, disciple, egg, fledgling, boy, girl, growing person, heir, infant, novice, officer, offspring, one, person, people, prince, princeling, viscount, seed, son, student, young one/person, youth; posterity, descendants; childhood; later a fourth grade of nobility, title of respect for a virtuous or learned person, gentleman; (to be) young, of tender years; (to) treat as children; (a, the) (...) young one’s, heir’s, disciple’s; -man, -men 461

zi3M:6950bony meat, meat on the bone, meat bones

zi4M:6942babies, offspring, pregnancy; betrothal

zi4M:6960(is) naturally, inherently, intrinsically

zong1M:6896(a, the) clan, sect, faction, [exclusive circle ]

zu2M:6824(a, the) adequacy, basis, feet, foot, footing, zi4 6960 1237m132+0 05.4 by, from, of, out of, since, through; foundation, leg, stand, step, support, satisfaction, sufficiency, grounds (of, for); (to be) ample, adequate, complete, full, (well, what is) enough, much (to satisfy), satisfied (with), sufficient, supportive, worthy (of), able, competent, fit; (to) (s, ed, ing); sufficiently, fully, amply; as much as, up to; can well ...

zu2M:6827all together, altogether; group, community

zu2M:6830(and) family, clan, tribe, relation, kin

zu3M:6815(the) ancestors’, progentitors’, founders’

zui4M:6860(with, regarding) offenses, wrongs, violations

zun1M:6884(a, the) honored, eminent, distinguished

zun1M:6886(a) jug, jar, flask, bottle, vessel, flagon

zuo3M:6774(in) (a) fallback, secondary, backup, (left hand)

zuo4M:6780(to) act (acts, acted, act as), activate, appear, arise, become, begin, come to be, create, compose; conduct, develop, do, emerge, fluorish, function, generate, happen, invent, make (makes, made, will make, will have made), manifest, occur, perform, practice, produce, rise up, sacrifice, set in/to, start out, stand up, stimulate, stir up, transact, undertake, write, work (at/on), do work, start working, get to work (s, ed, ing); (a, the) activity, action, composition, creation, deed, function, operation, project, undertaking, work, workmanship; (to be) aroused, at work, in action, working 462

Data Correction Log

16.2xMathews ID error: 5739 → 5379; Pinyin error: bu2 → bu4.

46.3xPinyin error: shen1 → sheng1.

04.TPinyin error: qiu2 → qiu3.

35.6xPinyin error: fa2 → fa1.

35.0Pinyin error: fan2 → fan1.

24.4xPinyin error: fu3 → fu4.

15.TPinyin error: hao4 → hao3.

30.1xPinyin error: zhi2 → zhi1.

06.4xPinyin error: ji3 → ji2.

02.7xCharacter error, Mathews ID error: "顒" (8008) → "用" (7567).

32.5xPinyin error: zi2 → zi3.

07.5xPinyin error: zi4 → zi3.

23.1xPinyin error: zu4 → zu3.

55.2Character error: "不" (8001) → "蔀" (8001).

55.4Character error: "不" (8001) → "蔀" (8001).

55.6Character error: "不" (8001) → "蔀" (8001).

12.2xPinyin error (Mathews 3097): ren4 → ren2.

These known issues have been corrected in this digital edition. If you find other errors, please report them below.

Help improve this resource

Spot a typo or have a suggestion? We'd love to hear from you.

"The meaning of a word is its use in the language." — Wittgenstein