剛
gang1Mathews: 3268GSR: 697b
Dictionary Definition
(a, the) firm, strong, resolute, hard; gan3 3232 671 l 61+9 31.T (to) stimulate, excite, stir, move, arouse, firmness, strength, resolution, hardness, constancy, persistence, resolve (of); [what is today known as the yang]; (to be) firm, strong, resolute, resolved, hard, tough, constant, steady, consistent, energetic, forceful, cogent, unyielding, set, stubborn, persistent, positive, odd; (to) strengthen, stiffen, persist, endure (s, ed, ing)
Radical: 18+8 | First occurrence: Hexagram 03.T
Concordance & Context (75 occurrences)
Za Gua★
firmness, strength, resolution, persistence
Observe a group of dragons - without a leader
Promising
Stats: 03.T
Xiao Xiang 2
firmness, strength, resolve, persistence "
六二之難,乘剛也。十年乃字,反常也。
03.2x Six second has difficulties
Overcoming resolve
* Ten years, then babies:
Revise the rules
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness, strength
屯,剛柔始交而難生。動乎險中,大亨贞。雷雨之動滿盈,天造草昧,宜建侯而不寧。
Rallying
The firm (and) the flexible begin to interact and so (come) the trials of new life
Moving through the heart of risk
Much fulfillment (means) persistence
Thunder (and) rain’s activity abounds to excess
The sky creates in haste (and) obscurity
(It is) necessary to enlist delegates, but not (in order) to relax
Stats: 18+8
Xiao Xiang 2
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness
子克家,剛柔接也。
04.2x The young one can manage the household:
The firm (and) the flexible interrelate
Tuan Zhuan
(the) firmness, strength, resolve, resolution "
蒙,山下有險,險而止,蒙。蒙亨,以亨行時中也。匪我求童蒙,童蒙求我,志應也。初筮告,以剛中也。再三瀆,瀆則不告,瀆蒙也。蒙以養正,聖功也。
Inexperience
At the foot of the mountain are hazards
(To be) at risk and yet remain still
(Shows) inexperience
Inexperience (is) fulfilled:
According to fulfillment’s conduct at the heart of the time
It is not I (who) seeks the young (and) inexperienced,
The young (and) inexperienced seek me:
The objectives (are) complementary
The first consultation informs:
According to the firmness within
The second (and) third (show) disrespect
Disrespect deserves no information:
Disrespect (shows) immaturity
Inexperience (is) the way to cultivate uprightness
(This is) a sacred task
Tuan Zhuan
(be) firm, resolute, constant, steady
需,須也。險在前也,剛健而不陷,其義不困窮矣。需有孚,光亨,贞吉,位乎天位,以正中也。利涉大川,往有功也。
Anticipation
(Means) necessity
Hazards lie ahead
(Be) firm (and) persevering and so avoid complications
This means to avoid affliction (and) exhaustion completely
Anticipation
Be true
Honoring fulfillment, persistence is timely:
(Be) poised, with celestial dignity,
(And), accordingly, upright (and) balanced
Worthwhile to cross the great stream:
To make progress will be an accomplishment
Tuan Zhuan
(is) firmness, strength, resolve, (the) constant
訟,上剛下險,險而健,訟。訟有孚窒惕,中吉,剛來而得中也。終凶,訟不可成也。利見大人,尚中正也。不利涉大川,入于淵也。
Contention
Above (is) firmness, below (is) risk
At risk and yet tenacious
(Means) contention
Contention
Being true (yet) opposed,
Wariness in the middle (is) promising:
The firm comes forward and gains the center
At the end, unfortunate:
Contention is not suited to completion
Worthwhile to meet a mature human being:
To honor the central and true
Not worthwhile to cross the great stream:
(This) leads to the abyss
the firm; firmness, strength, resolve 17.T
訟,上剛下險,險而健,訟。訟有孚窒惕,中吉,剛來而得中也。終凶,訟不可成也。利見大人,尚中正也。不利涉大川,入于淵也。
Contention
Above (is) firmness, below (is) risk
At risk and yet tenacious
(Means) contention
Contention
Being true (yet) opposed,
Wariness in the middle (is) promising:
The firm comes forward and gains the center
At the end, unfortunate:
Contention is not suited to completion
Worthwhile to meet a mature human being:
To honor the central and true
Not worthwhile to cross the great stream:
(This) leads to the abyss
Tuan Zhuan
the firm; firmness, strength, resolve 19.T
師,衆也。贞,正也。能以眾正,可以王矣。剛中而應,行險而順,以此毒天下,而民從之,吉又何咎矣。
The militia
(Means) the multitude
Persistence
(Means) uprightness
The skill to employ the multitude (with) uprightness
(Is) especially suited to use by the sovereign
The firm (is) central and resonant
The practice (is) hazardous, yet responsive
To apply this is toxic to all under heaven and yet the people endure behind it
(For their) welfare:
Given this, where is the error here?
Tuan Zhuan
firmness, strength, resolve "
比,吉也。比,輔也。下順從也。原筮,元永贞,無咎,以剛中也。不寧方來,上下應也。後夫凶,其道窮也。
Belonging
(Means) promise
Belonging
(Means) confirmation
The humble respond (and) follow
(For) a first consultation, supreme and enduring commitment
(And) not a mistake:
Due to firmness in the center
Wanting peace, approach directly:
Above (and) below (are) resonant
The late are the unfortunate ones:
This path runs out
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness
小畜,柔得位而上下應之,曰小畜。健而巽,剛中而志行,乃亨。密雲不雨,尚往也。自我西郊,施未行也。
Raising small beasts
The flexible finds a place and high (and) low respond to this
So this is called minor concerns
Dynamic and yet adaptive
The firm (is) central and so the intentions (are) carried out
After this, fulfillment
Thick clouds (but) no rain:
Value (any) forward progress
From our western horizon:
The influence is not yet in motion
Xiao Xiang 3
(is) firm(ness), resolute(ion); set, constant
眇能視,不足以有明也。跛能履,不足以與行也。咥人之凶,位不當也。武人為于大君,志剛也。
10.3x The one-eyed (are still) able to see:
Not well enough to claim vision
* The lame (are still) able to take steps:
Not well enough to travel along with
* The bitten one’s misfortune:
The position was less than appropriate
* The military man works for a greater noble:
The purpose (is) firm
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness
履,柔履剛也。説而應乎乾,是以履虎尾,不咥人,亨。剛中正,履帝位而不疚,光明也。
Respectful conduct:
The flexible treads upon the firm
Pleasure, but also attunement with the creative
And so it is that treading upon the tiger’s tail,
Without (it) biting one, (is) success
The firm (is) central (and) correct
Taking steps in a divine place, and yet escaping suffering,
shows wisdom
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness(is)
履,柔履剛也。説而應乎乾,是以履虎尾,不咥人,亨。剛中正,履帝位而不疚,光明也。
Respectful conduct:
The flexible treads upon the firm
Pleasure, but also attunement with the creative
And so it is that treading upon the tiger’s tail,
Without (it) biting one, (is) success
The firm (is) central (and) correct
Taking steps in a divine place, and yet escaping suffering,
shows wisdom
Tuan Zhuan
(is) firmness, strength, endurance
否之匪人,不利君子贞,大往小來,則是天地不交而萬物不通也,上下不交而天下無邦也。內陰而外陽,內柔而外剛,內小人而外君子,小人道長,君子道消也。
Separating oneself from inferior people
(Who) are not worth a noble young one’s loyalty
Greatness departs, smallness arrives:
When this occurs heaven (and) earth do not interact
And so the myriad beings do not communicate
High (and) low do not interact
And so all under heaven lack government
Within (is) darkness and without (is) light
Within (is) weakness and without (is) strength
Within (are) the common people and without (is) the noble young one
The common people’s principles prevail
The noble young one’s principles fade
Xiao Xiang 3
(is) firm, strong, hard, persistent, resolute
伏戎于莽,敵剛也。三歲不興,安行也。
13.3x Caching weapons in the underbrush:
The rivalry (is) strong
* Three years with no exuberance:
Security in action
Tuan Zhuan
(is, are) firm, constant; firmness, resolve
大有,柔得尊位,大中而上下應之,曰大有。其德剛健而文明,應乎天而時行,是以元亨。
Big domain
The flexible finds a distinguished position, in the great center,
While high (and) low respond to this
So this is called big domain
Its qualities (are) firmness (and) vigor and also refinement (and) clarity
Resonating with heaven and moving with the seasons
This is, accordingly, supremely fulfilling
Xiao Xiang 5
the firm; firmness, strength, resolve "
六五贞吉,乘剛也。恆不死,中未亡也。
16.5x Six fifth’s persistent affliction:
Relying upon firmness
* Chronic but not fatal
The middle is not yet passed
Tuan Zhuan
the firm; firmness, strength, resolve
豫,剛應而志行,順以動,豫。豫順以動,故天地如之,而況建侯行師乎!天地以順動,故日月不過而四時不忒。聖人以順動,則刑罰淸而民服。豫之時義大矣哉!
Readiness
Firmness resonates, and so the intentions (are) carried out
Responsiveness using movement
Readiness
Readiness responds with movement
Since heaven and earth (behave) like this
How much more true (this is) (for) establishing delegates
(And) mobilizing the reserves!
Heaven and earth behave with responsive movement
And so the sun and the moon never stray
And the four seasons do not vary
The wise ones make use of responsive movement
(And) as a result, punishments (and) penalties (are) specific
And the people consent
Readiness’ meaningful timing (is) very important now!
Tuan Zhuan
the firm; firmness, strength, resolve 59.T
隨,剛來而下柔,動而説,隨。大亨贞無咎,而天下隨時。隨時之義大矣哉!
Following
The firm comes forward and submits to the flexible
Movement and satisfaction (in) following
Great fulfillment, to be dedicated (is) not a mistake:
And all under heaven follow the seasons
Following the time has a meaning (of) great importance here!
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness, strength
蠱,剛上而柔下,巽而止,蠱。蠱元亨,而天下治也。利涉大川,往有事也。先甲三日,後甲三日,終則有始,天行也。
Detoxifying
The firm (is) above while the flexible (is) below
Adaptive and yet motionless
Fixations
Detoxifying (is) most fulfilling:
As all under heaven (is) healed
Worthwhile to cross the great stream:
(In) moving on there is work to do
Before the beginning, three days,
After the beginning, three days:
In the end, in due order, there will be a beginning
As heaven behaves
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness, strength
臨,剛浸而長,説而順,剛中而應。大亨以正,天之道也。至于八月有凶,消不久也。
Taking charge
Firmness penetrates and so prevails
Satisfaction along with acceptance
The firm (is) central (and) resonant
Great fulfillment (is) due to correctness
(As is) heaven’s course
To arrive in the eighth month would be unfortunate:
Waning does not take long
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness 25.T
臨,剛浸而長,説而順,剛中而應。大亨以正,天之道也。至于八月有凶,消不久也。
Taking charge
Firmness penetrates and so prevails
Satisfaction along with acceptance
The firm (is) central (and) resonant
Great fulfillment (is) due to correctness
(As is) heaven’s course
To arrive in the eighth month would be unfortunate:
Waning does not take long
Xiao Xiang 2
the firm; firmness, strength, resolution "
噬膚滅鼻,乘剛也。
21.2x Biting (into) tender meat, burying the nose:
Relying on firmness
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness 60.T
頤中有物,曰噬嗑。噬嗑而亨,剛柔分,動而明。雷電合而章。柔得中而上行,雖不當位,利用獄。
Between the jaws is an object
So this is called biting through
Biting through and then satisfaction:
The firm (and) the flexible (are) evenly apportioned
Action with clarity
Thunder (and) lightning converge and make manifest
The flexible gains the center and then acts above
Although not properly situated
(It is) worthwhile to execute justice
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness
賁亨,柔來而文剛,故亨。分剛上而文柔,故小利有攸往。天文文明以止,人文觀乎天文以察時變,觀乎人文以化成天下。
Adornment satisfies
The flexible comes forward and refines the firm
Consequently, satisfaction
Alternately, the firm rises upwards and refines the flexible
Consequently, a little worthwhile to have somewhere to go
(Even) heaven (has) a style
Refinement (and) clarity mean stability
(Such is) human culture
Look to heaven’s refinements
Thereby to study the seasonal changes
Look to humanity’s refinements
Thereby to transform (and) complete all under heaven
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness
賁亨,柔來而文剛,故亨。分剛上而文柔,故小利有攸往。天文文明以止,人文觀乎天文以察時變,觀乎人文以化成天下。
Adornment satisfies
The flexible comes forward and refines the firm
Consequently, satisfaction
Alternately, the firm rises upwards and refines the flexible
Consequently, a little worthwhile to have somewhere to go
(Even) heaven (has) a style
Refinement (and) clarity mean stability
(Such is) human culture
Look to heaven’s refinements
Thereby to study the seasonal changes
Look to humanity’s refinements
Thereby to transform (and) complete all under heaven
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness
剝,剝也,柔變剛也。不利有攸往,小人長也。順而止之,觀象也。君子尚消息盈虛,天行也。
Decomposing
(Means) stripping away
The flexible alters the firm
Not worthwhile to have somewhere to go:
The common people prevail
Accept and stop here
Look at the image
The noble young one respects waning (and) waxing as surplus (and) want
(And as) heaven’s behavior
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness
復亨,剛反。動而以順行,是以出入無吉,朋來無咎。反復其道,七日來復,天行也。利有攸往,剛長也。復其見天地之心乎!
Returning (means) fulfillment:
The firm comes back around
Energetic, and using acceptance to proceed
So it is that exiting (and) entering (are) without anxiety
(And) companions arrive without fail
Turning around (and) returning (is) the way,
The seventh day brings return:
(As) heaven behaves
Worthwhile to have somewhere to go:
Firmness prevails
(In) returning one sees the heart of heaven (and) earth!
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness
復亨,剛反。動而以順行,是以出入無吉,朋來無咎。反復其道,七日來復,天行也。利有攸往,剛長也。復其見天地之心乎!
Returning (means) fulfillment:
The firm comes back around
Energetic, and using acceptance to proceed
So it is that exiting (and) entering (are) without anxiety
(And) companions arrive without fail
Turning around (and) returning (is) the way,
The seventh day brings return:
(As) heaven behaves
Worthwhile to have somewhere to go:
Firmness prevails
(In) returning one sees the heart of heaven (and) earth!
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness
無妄,剛自外來而為主於內,動而健,剛中而應,大亨以正,天之命。其匪正有眚,不利有攸往。無妄之往,何之矣?天命不祐,行矣哉!
Without pretense
Firmness comes from without and becomes master on the inside
Movement with lasting vigor
The firm (is) central and resonant
Great fulfillment (is) according to integrity
Heaven’s higher law
For one without integrity there will be suffering
(And) not (much) reward in having somewhere to go
(While) without pretense there is forward progress
How is this so?
Heaven’s higher law is not protection:
(It is) movement itself!
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness 45.T
無妄,剛自外來而為主於內,動而健,剛中而應,大亨以正,天之命。其匪正有眚,不利有攸往。無妄之往,何之矣?天命不祐,行矣哉!
Without pretense
Firmness comes from without and becomes master on the inside
Movement with lasting vigor
The firm (is) central and resonant
Great fulfillment (is) according to integrity
Heaven’s higher law
For one without integrity there will be suffering
(And) not (much) reward in having somewhere to go
(While) without pretense there is forward progress
How is this so?
Heaven’s higher law is not protection:
(It is) movement itself!
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness
大畜,剛健篤實輝光,日新其德,剛上而尚賢,能止健,大正。不家食吉,養賢。利涉大川,應乎天。
“Vowing to train at chariot and defense,” which would preserve some of the impli-
cation of dedicated sacrifice suggested by the Zhi Gua.
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness
大畜,剛健篤實輝光,日新其德,剛上而尚賢,能止健,大正。不家食吉,養賢。利涉大川,應乎天。
“Vowing to train at chariot and defense,” which would preserve some of the impli-
cation of dedicated sacrifice suggested by the Zhi Gua.
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness, strength
大過,大者過。棟橈,本末弱,剛過而中。巽而説行,利有攸往,乃亨。大過之時大矣哉!
Greatness in excess
Greatness is that which exceeds
The ridgepole bends:
Beginning (and) end (are) yielding
The firm (is) excessive but central
(Be) adaptable and glad to move
Worthwhile to have somewhere to go:
And after this, fulfillment
Greatness in excess’s opportune timing (is) very important now!
Xiao Xiang 4
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness 40.1x
罇酒簋貳,剛柔際。
29.4x A jug of wine (and) a basket of rice (or) two:
Firmness (and) flexibility meet here
Tuan Zhuan
(t he) firmness, strength, resolve
習坎,重險。水流而不盈,行險而不失其信。維心亨,乃以剛中。行有尚,往有功。天險不可升,地險山川丘陵。王公設險以守其國,險之時用大矣哉!
Repeated exposure
(Means) twice the risk
The water replenishes but does not pile up
Making progress (through) risk yet never losing its confidence
To keep the heart secure (is) fulfillment:
When making use of the firmness within
Progress will be valued:
To continue on will be an accomplishment
Heavenly hazards do not permit climbing
Earthly hazards (are) mountains (and) rivers, hills (and) heights
Sovereigns (and) patriarchs arrange hazards in order to protect their domains
Risk’s timely application (is) very important here!
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, strong, resolute, constant
咸,感。柔上而剛下,二气感應以相與。止而説,男下女,是以亨利贞取女吉。天地感而萬物化生,聖人感人心而天下和平。觀其所感,而天地萬物之晴可見矣。
Reciprocity
(Means) being moved
The flexible (is) above while the firm (is) below
The two vital forces (are) moved in resonance
(And) with this support each other
Stillness and enjoyment
The masculine submits to the feminine
And so it is that fulfillment rewards persistence
(And) to court the young woman (is) promising
Heaven (and) earth move each other
And so the myriad beings transform (and) come to life
The wise ones move the human heart
And all under heaven respond with peace
Comprehend this function of touch
Then heaven (and) earth (and) the myriad beings
Will now have natures (which) may be seen plainly
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness
恆,久。剛上而柔下,雷風相與,巽而動,剛柔皆應。恆。恆亨無咎利贞,久於其道。天地之道恆久而不已。利有攸往,終則有始。日月得天而能久照,四時變化而能久成。聖人久於其道而天下化成。觀其所恆而天地萬物之晴可見矣。
Continuity
(Means) to endure
The firm (is) above and the flexible (is) below
Thunder (and) wind support each other
Versatile and energetic
The firm (and) the flexible fully correspond
Continuity
Continuity fulfills (and) nothing (is) wrong,
Worthwhile to be persistent:
Enduring (is) upon one’s own path
Heaven’s (and) earth’s courses
Continue, going on and (on) without end
Worthwhile to have somewhere to go:
At the end, in due order, there will be a beginning
Sun and moon take the sky
and so (are) able to continue in brilliance
The four seasons evolve (and) turn
And so are able to continue accomplishing
The wise ones endure upon their paths
And all under heaven (is) transformed (and) completed
Comprehend what is meant to be continued
Then heaven (and) earth (and) the myriad beings
Will now have natures (which) may be seen plainly
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness
恆,久。剛上而柔下,雷風相與,巽而動,剛柔皆應。恆。恆亨無咎利贞,久於其道。天地之道恆久而不已。利有攸往,終則有始。日月得天而能久照,四時變化而能久成。聖人久於其道而天下化成。觀其所恆而天地萬物之晴可見矣。
Continuity
(Means) to endure
The firm (is) above and the flexible (is) below
Thunder (and) wind support each other
Versatile and energetic
The firm (and) the flexible fully correspond
Continuity
Continuity fulfills (and) nothing (is) wrong,
Worthwhile to be persistent:
Enduring (is) upon one’s own path
Heaven’s (and) earth’s courses
Continue, going on and (on) without end
Worthwhile to have somewhere to go:
At the end, in due order, there will be a beginning
Sun and moon take the sky
and so (are) able to continue in brilliance
The four seasons evolve (and) turn
And so are able to continue accomplishing
The wise ones endure upon their paths
And all under heaven (is) transformed (and) completed
Comprehend what is meant to be continued
Then heaven (and) earth (and) the myriad beings
Will now have natures (which) may be seen plainly
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness
遁亨。遁而亨。剛當位而應,與時行。小利贞,浸而長。遁之時義大矣哉。
Distancing succeeds:
Get distance and then succeed
The firm (is) suitably placed and resonant
To partake in the seasons’ progress
Little reward (in) persistence:
[The flexible] penetrates and then prevails
Distancing’s proper timing (is) very important here!
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness
大壮,大者壮。剛以動,故壮。大壮利贞,大者正。正大而天地之晴可見矣。
Big (and) strong
Greatness is that which is strong
The firm applies force
Hence, strength
Big (and) strong, worthwhile to persist:
Greatness implies being correct
Be correct in greatness and then heaven (and) earth
Will now have natures (which) may be seen plainly
Xiao Xiang 3
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness, strength
見于異,位不當。無初有中,遇剛。
38.3x Seeing the wagon held up:
The place (was) not appropriate
* Regardless of beginning, there will be an end:
Finding firmness
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness "
睽,火動而上,澤動而下。二女同居,其志不同行。説而麗乎明,柔進而上行,得中而應乎剛。是以小事吉。天地睽而其事同,男女睽而其志通,萬物睽而其事類。睽之時用大矣哉!
Estrangement
The fire moves, but (only) upwards
The lake moves, but (only) downwards
Two women dwell together
(But) their intentions do not function as one
Enjoyment, along with dependence on clarity
The flexible advances, and so improves (its) conduct
Gaining the center and resonating with the firm
And so it is that ordinary matters (are) promising
Heaven (and) earth diverge, but still their endeavors converge
Masculine (and) feminine diverge, but their objectives interact
The myriad beings diverge, but their affairs (are) interrelated
Estrangement’s timely application (is) very important here!
Xiao Xiang 1
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness 29.4x
剛柔之際,義無咎也。
40.1x Firmness (and) flexibility have a common boundary here
(In) the meaning of no blame
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness
損,損下益上,其道上行。損而有孚,元吉,無咎,可贞,利有攸往。曷之用?二簋可用享。二簋應有時,損剛益柔有時,損益盈虛,與時偕行。
Decreasing
Decreasing the subordinate to increase the superior
This process elevates conduct
Decreasing and still holding true
(Is) outstanding opportunity
Nothing (is) wrong
(But it) calls for persistence
Worthwhile to have somewhere to go
How is this applied?
A pair of (simple) rice baskets may be used for the offering:
Two (small) rice baskets will correspond with the time
Decreasing the firm to increase the flexible presumes timeliness
Decrease (and) increase (are) excess (and) want
Interacting in time (and) functioning together
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness
夬,決也。剛決柔也。健而説,決而和。揚于王庭,柔乘五剛也。孚號有厲,其危乃光也。告自邑,不利即戎,所尚乃窮也。利有攸往,剛長乃終也。
Decisiveness
(Means) to break through
The firm breaks through the flexible
Dynamic but also persuasive
Breaking through and yet responsive
A disclosure at the royal court:
The flexible rides upon five firm (lines)
A truthful appeal, this will be serious:
This crisis will then be made known
Inform the home town,
Nothing worthwhile (in) resorting to hostilities:
What is valued (would) then be wasted
Worthwhile to have somewhere to go:
Firmness endures and then completes
firm, strong, resolute (lines) 47.3x
夬,決也。剛決柔也。健而説,決而和。揚于王庭,柔乘五剛也。孚號有厲,其危乃光也。告自邑,不利即戎,所尚乃窮也。利有攸往,剛長乃終也。
Decisiveness
(Means) to break through
The firm breaks through the flexible
Dynamic but also persuasive
Breaking through and yet responsive
A disclosure at the royal court:
The flexible rides upon five firm (lines)
A truthful appeal, this will be serious:
This crisis will then be made known
Inform the home town,
Nothing worthwhile (in) resorting to hostilities:
What is valued (would) then be wasted
Worthwhile to have somewhere to go:
Firmness endures and then completes
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness
夬,決也。剛決柔也。健而説,決而和。揚于王庭,柔乘五剛也。孚號有厲,其危乃光也。告自邑,不利即戎,所尚乃窮也。利有攸往,剛長乃終也。
Decisiveness
(Means) to break through
The firm breaks through the flexible
Dynamic but also persuasive
Breaking through and yet responsive
A disclosure at the royal court:
The flexible rides upon five firm (lines)
A truthful appeal, this will be serious:
This crisis will then be made known
Inform the home town,
Nothing worthwhile (in) resorting to hostilities:
What is valued (would) then be wasted
Worthwhile to have somewhere to go:
Firmness endures and then completes
Za Gua
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness
Stats: 03.T
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness
姤,遇也。柔遇剛也。勿用取女,不可與長也。天地相遇,品物咸章也。剛遇中正,天下大行也。姤之時義大矣哉!
Dissipation
(Means) to encounter
The flexible encounters the firm
Not at all useful to court (this) woman:
Not suited to enduring together
Heaven (and) earth encounter each other
(And) the varieties of beings join in the composition
Firmness encounters (with) concentration (and) integrity
(And) all under heaven make great advances
Chance encounter’s proper timing (is) very important here!
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness
姤,遇也。柔遇剛也。勿用取女,不可與長也。天地相遇,品物咸章也。剛遇中正,天下大行也。姤之時義大矣哉!
Dissipation
(Means) to encounter
The flexible encounters the firm
Not at all useful to court (this) woman:
Not suited to enduring together
Heaven (and) earth encounter each other
(And) the varieties of beings join in the composition
Firmness encounters (with) concentration (and) integrity
(And) all under heaven make great advances
Chance encounter’s proper timing (is) very important here!
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness 46.T
萃,聚也。順以説,剛中而應,故聚也。王假有廟,致孝享也。利見大人亨,聚以正也。用大牲吉,利有攸往,順天命也。觀其所聚,而天地萬物之情可見矣。
Collectedness
(Means) to congregate
Acceptance behind satisfaction
The firm (is) central (and) resonant
Hence, congregation
The sovereign approaches his temple:
To convey the filial offering
Rewarding to encounter a mature human being making an offering:
Concentrating with integrity
To offer great sacrifices (is) promising,
Worthwhile to have somewhere to go:
Agreeing with heaven’s higher order
Study the reason to congregate
Then heaven (and) earth (and) the myriad beings
Will now have natures (which) may be seen plainly
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness 07.T
柔以時升,巽而順,剛中而應,是以大亨。用見大人,勿恤,有慶也。南征吉,志行也。
The flexible uses the time to advance
Adapting and also accepting
The firm (is) central and resonant
This is, accordingly, very fulfilling
Productive to encounter a mature human being,
Do not worry:
Own the rewards
The southern expedition (is) promising:
The intentions (are) carried out
Xiao Xiang 3
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness, strength "
據于蒺藜,乘剛也。入于其宮,不見其妻,不祥也。
47.3x Grasping at thorny brambles:
Relying on the firm
* Going into his house
But not seeing his wife:
Not a happy omen
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness
困,剛揜,險以説,困而不失其所亨,其唯君子乎。贞大人吉,以剛中也。有言不信,尚口乃窮也。
Exhaustion
The firm (is) covered over
To risk leads to satisfaction
(To be) beset and still not lose that which is fulfilling
One who is truly a noble young one attains this
Persistence (is) the mature human being’s promise:
By way of the firmness within
There will be words but no assurance:
To value the oral leads to exhaustion
(t he) firmness, strength, resolve "
困,剛揜,險以説,困而不失其所亨,其唯君子乎。贞大人吉,以剛中也。有言不信,尚口乃窮也。
Exhaustion
The firm (is) covered over
To risk leads to satisfaction
(To be) beset and still not lose that which is fulfilling
One who is truly a noble young one attains this
Persistence (is) the mature human being’s promise:
By way of the firmness within
There will be words but no assurance:
To value the oral leads to exhaustion
Tuan Zhuan
(a, the) firmness, strength; constant(ncy)
巽乎水而上水,井。井養而不窮也。改邑不改井,乃以剛中也。汔至亦未繘井,未有功也。羸其瓶,是以凶也。
To penetrate beneath the water and so bring up the water
(Is) the well
The well provides, and yet will not be exhausted
Rearranging the town does not change the well:
Since this (is) using a constancy within
To nearly reach, but then to fall short (with) the well rope
(Is) to fall short of bringing up results
To damage its bucket:
This indeed leads to disappointment
Xiao Xiang 6
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness, hardness
玉鉉在上,剛柔節也。
50.6x A jade grip across the top:
The firm (and) the flexible (are) in due proportion
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness "
鼎,象也。以木巽火,亨飪也。聖人亨以享上帝,而大亨以養聖賢。巽而耳目聰明,柔進而上行,得中而應乎剛,是以元亨。
The cauldron
(is) a model
With wood submitted to flame
The offerings (are) transformed
The wise ones (are) fulfilled with offerings to the highest divinity
And (there is) great fulfillment (in) nourishing wisdom (and) excellence
Reaching in with ears (and) eyes, quickening (and) clarifying
The flexible advances with elevated conduct
Gaining the center and resonating with the firm
And so this is, accordingly, supreme fulfillment
Xiao Xiang 2
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness, strength "
震來厲,乘剛也。
51.2x The shock comes with adversity:
Rely upon firmness
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness, strength "
震來厲,乘剛也。
51.2x The shock comes with adversity:
Rely upon firmness
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness
漸之進也,女歸吉也。進得位,往有功也。進以正,可以正邦也。其位剛得中也。止而巽,動不窮也。
Gradual progress leads to advance
The young woman’s engagement (is) timely
Advancing secures a position
Making progress will be an accomplishment
Advancing according to principle
(Is) a fitting way to do right by the realm
In such a position
The firm secures the center
To be still and also adapt
(Is) movement without exhaustion
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness "
歸妹,天地之大義也。天地不交,而萬物不興,歸妹,人之終始也。説以動,所歸妹也。征凶,位不當也。無攸利,柔乘剛也。
Little sister’s marriage
Heaven (and) earth have their meanings in wholeness
(When) heaven (and) earth do not interact
Then the myriad beings do not come to be
Little sister’s marriage (is) humanity’s end (and) beginning
Satisfaction (as) a way to move
(Is) the reason for little sister’s marriage
To go boldly (is) inauspicious:
The dignity is not appropriate
Not a direction with merit:
The yielding takes advantage of the firm
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness
The wanderer
(Means) modest fulfillment
The flexible finds the balance on the outside
And so complies with firmness
Restraint along with dependence on clarity
This is how, (with) modest fulfillment,
The wanderer’s persistence (is) promising
The wanderer’s appropriate timing (is) very important here!
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness
重巽以申命,剛巽乎中正而志行。柔皆順乎剛,是以小,亨。利有攸往,利見大人。
Repeated adaptation (is) useful (in) setting forth the higher purpose
The firm adapts with balance (and) integrity
And so the intentions (are) carried out
The flexible both respond to the firm
So there are, accordingly, little successes
Worthwhile to have somewhere to go
Rewarding to encounter a mature human being
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness
重巽以申命,剛巽乎中正而志行。柔皆順乎剛,是以小,亨。利有攸往,利見大人。
Repeated adaptation (is) useful (in) setting forth the higher purpose
The firm adapts with balance (and) integrity
And so the intentions (are) carried out
The flexible both respond to the firm
So there are, accordingly, little successes
Worthwhile to have somewhere to go
Rewarding to encounter a mature human being
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness
兌,説也。剛中而柔外,説以利贞,是以順乎天,而應乎人。説以先民,民忘其勞;説以犯難,民忘其死;説之大,民勸矣哉!
Satisfaction
(Means) pleasure
The firm (is) within and the flexible without
Pleasure, accordingly, rewards persistence
And so it is complying with heaven
And resonant in humanity
(When) pleasure (is) used to lead a people
The people forget their weariness
(When) pleasure (is) used in challenging difficulties
The people forget their mortality
Pleasure’s great importance
(Is) truly in the people’s encouragement!
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness 06.T
渙,亨。剛來而不窮,柔得位乎外而上同。王假有廟,王乃在中也。利涉大川,乘木有功也。
Scattering fulfills
The firm comes forward, yet will not be exhausted
The flexible learns (its) place on the outside
And associates with the superior
The sovereign approaches his temple:
The sovereign is then in the center
Worthwhile to cross the great stream:
Relying on wood brings results
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, srong, resolute; firmness 21.T
節亨,剛柔分,而剛得中。苦節不可贞,其道窮也。説以行險,當位以節,中正以通。天地節,而四時成。節以制度,不傷財,不害民。
Boundaries (mean) fulfillment
The firm (and) the flexible (are) evenly apportioned
While firmness secures the center
Bitter limitations do not invite commitment:
This path dead ends
Satisfaction behind movement at risk
An appropriate place to use boundaries
Balanced (and) principled in order to follow through
Heaven (and) earth (are) constrained
And so the four seasons are completed
Boundaries serve to define the measures
(But) without encroachment on property
(And) without harm to the people
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness
節亨,剛柔分,而剛得中。苦節不可贞,其道窮也。説以行險,當位以節,中正以通。天地節,而四時成。節以制度,不傷財,不害民。
Boundaries (mean) fulfillment
The firm (and) the flexible (are) evenly apportioned
While firmness secures the center
Bitter limitations do not invite commitment:
This path dead ends
Satisfaction behind movement at risk
An appropriate place to use boundaries
Balanced (and) principled in order to follow through
Heaven (and) earth (are) constrained
And so the four seasons are completed
Boundaries serve to define the measures
(But) without encroachment on property
(And) without harm to the people
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness
中孚,柔在內而剛得中。説而巽,孚乃化邦也。豚魚吉,信及豚魚也。利涉大川,乘木舟虛也。中孚以利贞,乃應乎天也。
The truth within
Flexibility dwells within while firmness secures the center
Satisfaction with adaptation
The true will then transform the realm
Piglets (and) fishes - promising:
Trust (is) extended to piglets (and) fishes
Worthwhile to cross the great stream:
Relying on a wooden boat’s hollowness
The truth within (is) accordingly worth (the) persistence:
Then (one) resonates with heaven
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness
小過,小者過而亨也。過以利贞,與時行也。柔得中,是以小事吉也。剛失位而不中,是以不可大事也。有飛鳥之象焉。飛鳥遺之音,不宜上宜下,大吉;上逆而下順也。
Smallness in excess
The small are those who go beyond and so (are) fulfilled
Exceeding, accordingly, (is) worth persistence
To take part in the time (is) to move
The flexible gains the center
This is how minor concerns (are) promising
The firm (has) lost position and also is not in the center
(And) so this is, accordingly, not suited to great concerns
There is the flying bird’s image herein
The flying bird bequeaths this message:
(If) not adapted to heights (then) adapt to (remaining) below
Much promise:
Above (is) resistance while below (is) acceptance
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness
既濟亨,小者亨也。利贞,剛柔正而位當也。初吉,柔得中也。終止則亂,其道窮也。
After completion (comes) fulfillment
The minor is that which fulfills
Worthwhile to persist:
The firm (and) the flexible (are all) correct and also properly placed
At the beginning, promise:
The flexible occupies the center
By the end equilibrium results in disorder
This process (is) finished
Tuan Zhuan
the firm, strong, resolute; firmness
未濟亨,柔得中也。小狐汔濟,未出中也。濡其尾,無攸利,不續終也。雖不當位,剛柔應也。
P wei4 (to be) not yet
ji4 complete
heng1 (means) fulfillment
* rou2 3133 02.T the flexible, gentle, yielding; flexibility
de2 6161 02.0 gain, secure, find, occupy, claim (s) 06.T
zhong1 1504 03.3 the center, middle, mean, balance "
P xiao3 (the) little
hu2 fox
qi4 (is) almost
ji4 across (the) (half-frozen) stream
* wei4 (but) not yet
chu1 1409 05.4 out of, beyond, past; (sur)passed, departed
zhong1 1504 03.3 the center, middle, balance; concentration
S ru2 to soak
qi2 that
wei3 tail
* wu2 (is) not
you1 (a) direction
li4 with merit
* bu4 5379 02.2 (this is, would) not, to not; wanting; failing
xu4 2865 120+15 HL (to) continue, connect; go (ing) on, through
zhong1 1500 01.3 to the end, outcome, conclusion, finish
S sui1 5519 55.1 F even if, though; although 05.6x
bu4 5379 02.2 not, im-; in-; un-; less than; nothing, none "
dang1 6087 05.6x (is, are) properly, appropriately, suitably "
wei4 7116 45.5 placed, positioned, situated, dignified "
* gang1 3268 03.T the firm, strong, resolute; firmness
rou2 3133 02.T (and) the flexible, gentle, yielding; flexibility
ying4 7477 02.T (all) correspond, resonate, relate, reciprocate
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