外
wai4Mathews: 7001GSR: 322a
Dictionary Definition
(to be) beyond, outer, outside, outward, without, elsewhere, abroad, out (of), exterior, extraneous, external, extraordinary, foreign, alien, barbarian, barbarous, remote, unrelated, unfamiliar, unofficial, not closely related, excluded, other, apart (from); (a, the) objectives, externals; (to) exclude, externalize, 444 marginalize; get out of, put/place outside (s, ed, ing); outwardly, externally, extraneously; on the outside; besides, in addition; extra-
Radical: 36+2 | First occurrence: Hexagram 08.4
Concordance & Context (21 occurrences)
Entries shown in Hatcher's reference chain order. First Witness at 08.4
4th Line★
external, open (ly), on the outside
外比之,贞吉。
Outwardly joining with them
Commitment is promising
Stats: 36+2→ outward,
Xiao Xiang 3
beyond, outside, without
需於泥,災在外也。自我致寇,敬慎不敗也。
05.3x Waiting in mud:
Misfortune waits beyond
* Of our own accord to invite predators:
Attention (and) mindfulness avoid ruin
→ 08.4
Xiao Xiang 4
outwardly
外比於賢,以從上也。
08.4x Outwardly belonging among the worthy:
In order to follow the superior
Xiao Xiang 1
beyond, elsewhere, outside, external "
拔茅征吉,志在外也。
11.1x Pulling up thatch grass, to expedite (is) promising:
The objective remains elsewhere
→ 08.4
Tuan Zhuan
without, outside, outward
泰,小往大來,吉,亨。則是天地交而萬物通也,上下交而其志同也。內陽而外陰,內健而外順,內君子而外小人,君子道長,小人道消也。
Interplay
Smallness departs, greatness arrives,
(With) promise (and) fulfillment:
When this occurs heaven (and) earth interact
And so the myriad beings communicate
High (and) low interact and their purposes converge
Within (is) light and without (is) shadow
Within (is) strength and without (is) acceptance
Within (is) the noble young one and without (are) the common ones
The noble young one’s principles prevail
The common one’s principles fade
→ 08.4
without, outside, outward
泰,小往大來,吉,亨。則是天地交而萬物通也,上下交而其志同也。內陽而外陰,內健而外順,內君子而外小人,君子道長,小人道消也。
Interplay
Smallness departs, greatness arrives,
(With) promise (and) fulfillment:
When this occurs heaven (and) earth interact
And so the myriad beings communicate
High (and) low interact and their purposes converge
Within (is) light and without (is) shadow
Within (is) strength and without (is) acceptance
Within (is) the noble young one and without (are) the common ones
The noble young one’s principles prevail
The common one’s principles fade
without, outside, outward
泰,小往大來,吉,亨。則是天地交而萬物通也,上下交而其志同也。內陽而外陰,內健而外順,內君子而外小人,君子道長,小人道消也。
Interplay
Smallness departs, greatness arrives,
(With) promise (and) fulfillment:
When this occurs heaven (and) earth interact
And so the myriad beings communicate
High (and) low interact and their purposes converge
Within (is) light and without (is) shadow
Within (is) strength and without (is) acceptance
Within (is) the noble young one and without (are) the common ones
The noble young one’s principles prevail
The common one’s principles fade
Tuan Zhuan
without, outside, outward
否之匪人,不利君子贞,大往小來,則是天地不交而萬物不通也,上下不交而天下無邦也。內陰而外陽,內柔而外剛,內小人而外君子,小人道長,君子道消也。
Separating oneself from inferior people
(Who) are not worth a noble young one’s loyalty
Greatness departs, smallness arrives:
When this occurs heaven (and) earth do not interact
And so the myriad beings do not communicate
High (and) low do not interact
And so all under heaven lack government
Within (is) darkness and without (is) light
Within (is) weakness and without (is) strength
Within (are) the common people and without (is) the noble young one
The common people’s principles prevail
The noble young one’s principles fade
→ 08.4
without, outside, outward
否之匪人,不利君子贞,大往小來,則是天地不交而萬物不通也,上下不交而天下無邦也。內陰而外陽,內柔而外剛,內小人而外君子,小人道長,君子道消也。
Separating oneself from inferior people
(Who) are not worth a noble young one’s loyalty
Greatness departs, smallness arrives:
When this occurs heaven (and) earth do not interact
And so the myriad beings do not communicate
High (and) low do not interact
And so all under heaven lack government
Within (is) darkness and without (is) light
Within (is) weakness and without (is) strength
Within (are) the common people and without (is) the noble young one
The common people’s principles prevail
The noble young one’s principles fade
without, outside, outward
否之匪人,不利君子贞,大往小來,則是天地不交而萬物不通也,上下不交而天下無邦也。內陰而外陽,內柔而外剛,內小人而外君子,小人道長,君子道消也。
Separating oneself from inferior people
(Who) are not worth a noble young one’s loyalty
Greatness departs, smallness arrives:
When this occurs heaven (and) earth do not interact
And so the myriad beings do not communicate
High (and) low do not interact
And so all under heaven lack government
Within (is) darkness and without (is) light
Within (is) weakness and without (is) strength
Within (are) the common people and without (is) the noble young one
The common people’s principles prevail
The noble young one’s principles fade
Tuan Zhuan
^ (the) beyond, outside; without "
無妄,剛自外來而為主於內,動而健,剛中而應,大亨以正,天之命。其匪正有眚,不利有攸往。無妄之往,何之矣?天命不祐,行矣哉!
Without pretense
Firmness comes from without and becomes master on the inside
Movement with lasting vigor
The firm (is) central and resonant
Great fulfillment (is) according to integrity
Heaven’s higher law
For one without integrity there will be suffering
(And) not (much) reward in having somewhere to go
(While) without pretense there is forward progress
How is this so?
Heaven’s higher law is not protection:
(It is) movement itself!
→ 08.4
Xiao Xiang 1
beyond, outside, without, elsewhere "
咸其拇,志在外。
31.1x Persuaded in one’s big toe:
The destination lies elsewhere
→ 08.4
Tuan Zhuan
without, outside, externally, outwardly
明入地中,明夷。內文明而外柔順,以蒙大難,文王以之。利艱贞,晦其明,內難而能正其志,箕子以之。
The light goes within (to) the heart of the earth
Brightness (is) obscured
Inwardly coherent (and) bright while outwardly flexible (and) compliant
Using the obscurity (of) great trials
The Sovereign Wen applied this
Warranting difficult persistence:
Darkening his own light
Inwardly struggling, yet able to stay true to his purpose
Prince Ji applied this
→ 08.4
Tuan Zhuan
(on) (the) outside, without; externally
家人,女正位乎內,男正位乎外。男女正,天地之大義。家人有嚴君焉,父母之謂。父父,子子,兄兄,弟弟,夫夫,婦婦,而家道正。正家而天下定矣。
Family members
The woman’s true dignity lies within
The man’s true dignity lies without
The masculine (and) feminine principles
(Are) heaven’s (and) earth’s greater meanings
Family members have dignities (and) nobilities herein
Father (and) mother have their titles
(When) father (is) father (and) child (is) child
(When) elder brother (is) elder (and) younger (is) younger
(When) husband (is) husband (and) wife (is) wife
Then the family’s course (is) upheld
Uphold the family and all under heaven arranges itself
→ 08.4
Za Gua
without, outside, external, exterior
外
Stats: 08.4
Xiao Xiang 2
^ beyond, outside, without, elsewhere "
或益之,自外來也。
42.2x Somebody grants this:
(It) comes from beyond
→ 08.4
Xiao Xiang 6
^ beyond, outside, without, elsewhere "
莫益之,偏辭也。或擊之,自外來也。
42.6x Nobody increases this one:
One-sided expression
* Somebody assaults this one:
(This) comes from beyond
→ 08.4
Tuan Zhuan
the outside; external, foreign, unfamiliar
The wanderer
(Means) modest fulfillment
The flexible finds the balance on the outside
And so complies with firmness
Restraint along with dependence on clarity
This is how, (with) modest fulfillment,
The wanderer’s persistence (is) promising
The wanderer’s appropriate timing (is) very important here!
→ 08.4
Tuan Zhuan
(is) without, (on the) outside, external
兌,説也。剛中而柔外,説以利贞,是以順乎天,而應乎人。説以先民,民忘其勞;説以犯難,民忘其死;説之大,民勸矣哉!
Satisfaction
(Means) pleasure
The firm (is) within and the flexible without
Pleasure, accordingly, rewards persistence
And so it is complying with heaven
And resonant in humanity
(When) pleasure (is) used to lead a people
The people forget their weariness
(When) pleasure (is) used in challenging difficulties
The people forget their mortality
Pleasure’s great importance
(Is) truly in the people’s encouragement!
→ 08.4
Xiao Xiang 3
beyond, without, outside, elsewhere "
渙其躬,志在外也。
59.3x Scattering one’s sense of self:
The purpose lies beyond
→ 08.4
Tuan Zhuan
(the) outside, external, beyond, objective
渙,亨。剛來而不窮,柔得位乎外而上同。王假有廟,王乃在中也。利涉大川,乘木有功也。
Scattering fulfills
The firm comes forward, yet will not be exhausted
The flexible learns (its) place on the outside
And associates with the superior
The sovereign approaches his temple:
The sovereign is then in the center
Worthwhile to cross the great stream:
Relying on wood brings results
→ 08.4
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