之
zhi1Mathews: 0935GSR: 962a
Dictionary Definition
...’s, ...s’; this, him, her, it, them; (to) have, has, had, will have (had), come to have; get, hold, keep, maintain, possess, take (it, this, these); be, (there) is, are, was, were, has/have been, become(s), will be, going to be, will have been (the, one of, that of, those of) or (one to, this to, that to) or (one who, they who, those who, that which, those which) or (for, to, in, of); come to, approach, arrive at, attain to, come into, extend to, fulfill, go (to, towards), lead to/into, leave for, move to, proceed to, reach, resort to, result in, verge on (having, being, coming, going); has/have come to be/have/hold; refer to, consider, hold, regard (as, with) (s, ed, ing); (having, being, coming, going) (s, ed, ing); (is, are, was, were, will be) about, among, around, as, at, by, during, for, from, in, of, on, over, through, to, towards, when, with, within, (one’s, his, her, its, their) (own); or (one, him, her, it, this, that, objects, a thing, things, something, them, they, these, the following, such, thus, same, here, what, that which, this one, such a one, such as these, this one, the others, someone, somebody) or (oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves); (a, the) outcome, result (s); (to be) resultant, final; in regard to; is this? are these?; this/that to/for; as long as, finally; -ly; genitive and attributive particle.
Radical: 4+3 | First occurrence: Hexagram 02.0
Concordance & Context (234 occurrences)
Entries shown in Hatcher's reference chain order. First Witness at 02.0
Gua Ci★
...’s; v
坤：元，亨，利牝馬之贞。君子有攸往，先迷後得，主利。西南得朋，東北丧朋。安贞，吉。
Supreme fulfillment
Rewarding the mare’s persistence
The noble young one has somewhere to go
To lead is confusion
To follow is to learn mastery
Worthwhile west to south:* find companions
East to north:* forgo companions
Secure the certain good fortune*
Stats: 4+3→ 05.6
6th Line
ex tended to; to
入于穴，有不速之客三人來，敬之終吉。
Entering into a pit
With no invitations extended to visitors, three people arrive
To attend to them will end in good fortune
→ 06.6
(to) them, these "
入于穴，有不速之客三人來，敬之終吉。
Entering into a pit
With no invitations extended to visitors, three people arrive
To attend to them will end in good fortune
6th Line
one; the, this, one’s; one is v
或錫之鞶帶，終朝三褫之。
If somehow one is awarded the leather belt and ribbons
By the end of the morning they will be three times stripped away
→ 06.6
of them; they will be v
或錫之鞶帶，終朝三褫之。
If somehow one is awarded the leather belt and ribbons
By the end of the morning they will be three times stripped away
Xiao Xiang 2
...’s
六二之動，直以方也。不習無不利，地道光也。
02.2x Six second’s movement:
Straight (is) the way to square
→ 02.0
Tuan Zhuan
has, holds, leads to
至哉坤元，萬物資生，乃順承天。坤厚載物，德合無疆，含弘光大，品物咸亨。牝馬地類，行地無疆，柔順利贞。君子攸行，先迷失道，後順得常。西南得朋，乃與類行；東北丧朋，乃終有慶。安贞之吉，應地無疆。
How consummate (is) receptivity’s source!
The myriad beings (are) provided with life
And so, (in) acceptance, inherit the sky
Accepting (with) generosity upholds the outer world
Character accommodates without drawing boundaries
Comprehending vastness, exemplifying wholeness
The varieties of beings (are) joined in fulfillment
The mare (is) the earth’s kindred spirit
(And) wanders an earth with no borders
Gentleness (and) acceptance reward persistence:
The noble young one’s purpose in going
To initiate confusion (is) to stray from the way
To follow (with) acceptance (is) to learn the principles
West (to) south, find companions:
And so, with the help of one’s kind, make progress
East (to) north, forgo companions:
Although, in the end, there will be rewards
Securing the certain holds promise:
The response to a world without limits
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 2
has, comes to (have), will have (a)
六二之難，乘剛也。十年乃字，反常也。
03.2x Six second has difficulties
Overcoming resolve
* Ten years, then babies:
Revise the rules
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 3
v it, this v
即鹿無虞，以從禽也。君子舍之，往吝窮也。
03.3x Pursuing the deer without preparation (or forester):
In order to follow the game
* The noble young one gives this up
To proceed (is) embarrassment (and) futility
→ 02.0
Tuan Zhuan
...’s
屯，剛柔始交而難生。動乎險中，大亨贞。雷雨之動滿盈，天造草昧，宜建侯而不寧。
Rallying
The firm (and) the flexible begin to interact and so (come) the trials of new life
Moving through the heart of risk
Much fulfillment (means) persistence
Thunder (and) rain’s activity abounds to excess
The sky creates in haste (and) obscurity
(It is) necessary to enlist delegates, but not (in order) to relax
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 4
has, will have; comes, leads to
困蒙之吝，獨遠實也。
04.4x The affliction (of) ignorance leads to shame:
Abandoned (and) far from reality
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 5
has, holds, leads to
童蒙之吉，順以巽也。
04.5x Youthful inexperience holds opportunity:
Accepting (is) the way to gain access
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 6
extended,
不速之客來，敬之終吉。雖不當位，未大失也。
05.6x With no invitations extended, visitors arrive
To attend to them will end in good fortune:
Although not a proper situation
Still less than a major mishap
them
不速之客來，敬之終吉。雖不當位，未大失也。
05.6x With no invitations extended, visitors arrive
To attend to them will end in good fortune:
Although not a proper situation
Still less than a major mishap
Tuan Zhuan
it, this
師，衆也。贞，正也。能以眾正，可以王矣。剛中而應，行險而順，以此毒天下，而民從之，吉又何咎矣。
The militia
(Means) the multitude
Persistence
(Means) uprightness
The skill to employ the multitude (with) uprightness
(Is) especially suited to use by the sovereign
The firm (is) central and resonant
The practice (is) hazardous, yet responsive
To apply this is toxic to all under heaven and yet the people endure behind it
(For their) welfare:
Given this, where is the error here?
→ 02.0
1st Line
t his, them, these
有孚比之，無咎。有孚盈缻，終來有他吉。
Be true in joining with them
Make no mistake:
Being true more than fills this plain clay vessel
The end will come to hold even more promise
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 1
them
比之初六，有他吉也。
08.1x Joining with them (at) first six
Holds even more promise
2nd Line
t his, them, these
比之自內，贞吉。
Joining with them comes from within
Commitment is promising
→ 08.3
Xiao Xiang 2
them
比之自內，不自失也。
08.2x Joining with them comes from within:
Nothing of one’s own (is) given up
3rd Line
this, them, these, such
比之匪人。
Joining with such inferior people
→ 08.4
Xiao Xiang 3
such
比之匪人，不亦傷乎。
08.3x Joining with such inferior people:
Is this not sufficiently painful?
4th Line
t his, them, these
外比之，贞吉。
Outwardly joining with them
Commitment is promising
→ 08.6
Xiao Xiang 5
...’s; has, holds
顯比之吉，位正中也。舍逆取順，失前禽也。邑人不誡，上使中也。
08.5x Belonging exemplified holds promise:
The position (is) correct (and) central
* To abandon the unwilling (and) seek the accepting
(Is) letting go of the forward game
* (His) district’s inhabitants will not be coerced:
The superior commands the middle
→ 02.0
6th Line
t his, them, these
比之無首，凶。
Joining with them without leadership
Unfortunate
→ 12.0
Xiao Xiang 6
them
比之無首，無所終也。
08.6x Joining with them with no priorities:
Without a purpose (or) outcome
Tuan Zhuan
(to) it, this
小畜，柔得位而上下應之，曰小畜。健而巽，剛中而志行，乃亨。密雲不雨，尚往也。自我西郊，施未行也。
Raising small beasts
The flexible finds a place and high (and) low respond to this
So this is called minor concerns
Dynamic and yet adaptive
The firm (is) central and so the intentions (are) carried out
After this, fulfillment
Thick clouds (but) no rain:
Value (any) forward progress
From our western horizon:
The influence is not yet in motion
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 1
...’s
素履之往，獨行願也。
10.1x Simple treading’s progress:
All alone, (but) going forward (with) hope
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 3
...’s
眇能視，不足以有明也。跛能履，不足以與行也。咥人之凶，位不當也。武人為于大君，志剛也。
10.3x The one-eyed (are still) able to see:
Not well enough to claim vision
* The lame (are still) able to take steps:
Not well enough to travel along with
* The bitten one’s misfortune:
The position was less than appropriate
* The military man works for a greater noble:
The purpose (is) firm
→ 02.0
Xiang Zhuan
...’s; ( ^)
天地交，泰。后以財成天地之道，輔相天地之宜，以左右民。
Heaven and earth interact
Interplay
Their heirs, accordingly,
Enrich and complete heaven’s and earth’s natures
Confirming and reciprocating heaven’s and earth’s proper order
And thus supporting and protecting the people
→ 02.0
...’s, ( ^)
天地交，泰。后以財成天地之道，輔相天地之宜，以左右民。
Heaven and earth interact
Interplay
Their heirs, accordingly,
Enrich and complete heaven’s and earth’s natures
Confirming and reciprocating heaven’s and earth’s proper order
And thus supporting and protecting the people
Gua Ci
v oneself v; refers to, is about
否之匪人，不利君子贞，大往小來。
Separating*
oneself from inferior people*
Those not worth the young noble’s loyalty
Greatness departs, smallness arrives
→ 14.6
Xiao Xiang 5
...’s
大人之吉，位正當也。
12.5x The mature human being’s promise:
The position (is) correct (and) appropriate
→ 02.0
Tuan Zhuan
v oneself v
否之匪人，不利君子贞，大往小來，則是天地不交而萬物不通也，上下不交而天下無邦也。內陰而外陽，內柔而外剛，內小人而外君子，小人道長，君子道消也。
Separating oneself from inferior people
(Who) are not worth a noble young one’s loyalty
Greatness departs, smallness arrives:
When this occurs heaven (and) earth do not interact
And so the myriad beings do not communicate
High (and) low do not interact
And so all under heaven lack government
Within (is) darkness and without (is) light
Within (is) weakness and without (is) strength
Within (are) the common people and without (is) the noble young one
The common people’s principles prevail
The noble young one’s principles fade
Xiao Xiang 5
...’s; will have, has this (its); with such
同人之先，以中直也。大師相遇，言相克也。
13.5x Fellowship with others with such a beginning:
Through balance (comes) orientation
* Mighty armies entertaining each other:
Praising each other’s abilities
→ 02.0
Tuan Zhuan
(and, in) its, their vv
同人，柔得位得中而應乎乾，曰同人。同人曰，同人于野，亨。利涉大川，乾行也。文明以健，中正而應，君子正也。唯君子為能通天下之志。
Fellowship with others
The flexible finds a position, gains the center
and resonates with the creative
So this is called fellowship with others
Fellowship with others says that
Fellowship with others on the frontier (is) fulfillment
Worthwhile to cross the great stream
(Meaning) higher order endeavor
Refinement (and) clarity make use of strength
The central (lines) (are) correct (and) correspond
The noble young one (is) principled
Only the noble young one develops the capacity
To comprehend the direction of all under heaven
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 5
(that, which) has, results in, comes, leads to
厥孚交如，信以發志也。威如之吉，易而無備也。
14.5x Their truths resemble commerce:
Confidence serves to manifest the purposes
→ 02.0
6th Line
(is) extended; extends, arrives, comes (v)
自天祐之，吉無不利。
Assistance comes from heaven
Promising
Nothing cannot be turned to advantage
→ 02.0
Tuan Zhuan
(with, in, to) it, this
大有，柔得尊位，大中而上下應之，曰大有。其德剛健而文明，應乎天而時行，是以元亨。
Big domain
The flexible finds a distinguished position, in the great center,
While high (and) low respond to this
So this is called big domain
Its qualities (are) firmness (and) vigor and also refinement (and) clarity
Resonating with heaven and moving with the seasons
This is, accordingly, supremely fulfilling
→ 02.0
Tuan Zhuan
...’s, has, will have, comes to; gets, achieves
谦亨，天道下濟而光明，地道卑而上行。天道虧盈而益谦，地道變盈而流谦，鬼神害盈而福谦，人道惡盈而好谦。谦尊而光，卑而不可逾，君子之終也。
Authenticity (means) fulfillment
The heavenly principle completes the lowly
With honor and clarity
The earthly principle (is) humble,
(Even) while moving upwards
The heavenly principle diminishes the superfluous
And adds to the modest
The earthly principle transforms the superfluous
And replenishes the modest
Ghosts (and) spirits (both) haunt the superfluous
And enrich the modest
The human principle resents the superfluous
And applauds the modest
Authenticity ennobles and exemplifies
(Being) lowly and yet not easy to exceed
The noble young one has results
→ 02.0
Tuan Zhuan
this, such
豫，剛應而志行，順以動，豫。豫順以動，故天地如之，而況建侯行師乎！天地以順動，故日月不過而四時不忒。聖人以順動，則刑罰淸而民服。豫之時義大矣哉！
Readiness
Firmness resonates, and so the intentions (are) carried out
Responsiveness using movement
Readiness
Readiness responds with movement
Since heaven and earth (behave) like this
How much more true (this is) (for) establishing delegates
(And) mobilizing the reserves!
Heaven and earth behave with responsive movement
And so the sun and the moon never stray
And the four seasons do not vary
The wise ones make use of responsive movement
(And) as a result, punishments (and) penalties (are) specific
And the people consent
Readiness’ meaningful timing (is) very important now!
→ 02.0
...’s 33.T
豫，剛應而志行，順以動，豫。豫順以動，故天地如之，而況建侯行師乎！天地以順動，故日月不過而四時不忒。聖人以順動，則刑罰淸而民服。豫之時義大矣哉！
Readiness
Firmness resonates, and so the intentions (are) carried out
Responsiveness using movement
Readiness
Readiness responds with movement
Since heaven and earth (behave) like this
How much more true (this is) (for) establishing delegates
(And) mobilizing the reserves!
Heaven and earth behave with responsive movement
And so the sun and the moon never stray
And the four seasons do not vary
The wise ones make use of responsive movement
(And) as a result, punishments (and) penalties (are) specific
And the people consent
Readiness’ meaningful timing (is) very important now!
Xiang Zhuan
(v) this (v) to; with respect to
雷出地奮，豫。先王以作樂崇德，殷薦之上帝，以配祖考。
Thunder comes from the earth with energy
Readiness
The early sovereigns, accordingly,
composed music to celebrate merit
Enthusiastically offering this to the highest divinity*
→ 02.0
6th Line
them, these, this, it v them v
拘係之，乃從維之。王用亨于西山。
Seize and bind them
Then follow, holding them fast
The Sovereign* will offer a sacrifice at the Western Mountain
→ 02.0
v them, these, this, it v
拘係之，乃從維之。王用亨于西山。
Seize and bind them
Then follow, holding them fast
The Sovereign* will offer a sacrifice at the Western Mountain
Xiao Xiang 6
them
拘係之，上窮也。
17.6x Seize (and) bind them:
At the top (is) extremity
Tuan Zhuan
has, ...’s
隨，剛來而下柔，動而説，隨。大亨贞無咎，而天下隨時。隨時之義大矣哉！
Following
The firm comes forward and submits to the flexible
Movement and satisfaction (in) following
Great fulfillment, to be dedicated (is) not a mistake:
And all under heaven follow the seasons
Following the time has a meaning (of) great importance here!
→ 02.0
1st Line
...’s; } paternal(istic)
幹父之蠱，有子，考無咎，厲終吉。
Correcting father’s fixations
To be a young one examining
Is not a mistake
Difficult
But in the end, promising
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 1
...’s
幹父之蠱，意承考也。
18.1x Correcting father’s fixations:
Intending to inherit the examined
2nd Line
...’s; } maternal(istic)
幹母之蠱，不可贞。
Correcting mother’s fixations
Ill-suited to firmness
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 2
...’s
幹母之蠱，得中道也。
18.2x Correcting mother’s fixations:
Find the middle path
3rd Line
...’s; } paternal(istic)
幹父之蠱，小有悔，無大咎。
Correcting father’s fixations
There will be a little regret
But no great mistakes
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 3
...’s
幹父之蠱，終無咎也。
18.3x Correcting father’s fixations:
Eventually not a mistake
4th Line
...’s; } paternal(istic)
裕父之蠱，往見吝。
Indulging father’s fixations
To continue meets with disgrace
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 4
...’s
裕父之蠱，往未得也。
18.4x Indulging father’s fixations:
Continuing (is) less than gainful
5th Line
...’s; } paternal(istic)
幹父之蠱，用譽。
Correcting father’s fixations
Use praise
→ 02.0
3rd Line
this, that, it, such, thus; about this
甘臨，無攸利。既憂之，無咎。
Sweet commitment
Not an orientation with merit
Following concern about this
Avoid errors
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 3
this
甘臨，位不當也。既攸之咎不長也。
19.3x Sweet commitment:
The position is not appropriate
* Following concern about this:
The errors will not be lasting
5th Line
...'s; resorts to, has this; ^ in, for, to this
知臨，大君之宜，吉。
Informed commitment
A great noble's necessity
Opportune
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 5
has this
大君之宜，行中之謂也。
19.5x A great noble has this necessity:
Action in the center has this distinction
...’s; has (this, such); is, has (this, his, one’s)
大君之宜，行中之謂也。
19.5x A great noble has this necessity:
Action in the center has this distinction
Xiao Xiang 6
...’s; has, holds
敦臨之吉，志在內也。
19.6x Authentic commitment has promise:
The objective lies within
→ 02.0
Tuan Zhuan
...’s; -ly
臨，剛浸而長，説而順，剛中而應。大亨以正，天之道也。至于八月有凶，消不久也。
Taking charge
Firmness penetrates and so prevails
Satisfaction along with acceptance
The firm (is) central (and) resonant
Great fulfillment (is) due to correctness
(As is) heaven’s course
To arrive in the eighth month would be unfortunate:
Waning does not take long
→ 02.0
4th Line
...’s; in, with its, their
觀國之光，利用宾于王。
Observing a country’s splendors
Worthwhile and useful to be guest to the sovereign
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 4
...’s
觀國之光，尚宾也。
20.4x Observing a county’s splendors:
(Be) a worthy guest
Tuan Zhuan
...’s; in, with its
大觀在上，順而巽，中正以觀天下。觀盥而不薦，有孚顒若，下觀而化也。觀天之神道，而四時不忒。聖人以神道設教，而天下服矣。
The great perspective lies above
Acceptance and versatility
Balance (and) uprightness (are) used in observing all under heaven
Observing
A cleansing but not a sacrifice,
Being true is as good as dignified:
Those below observe and so (are) transformed
Observing heaven’s sacred course and the four seasons’ lack of deviation
The wise ones use (these) sacred principles to establish (their) teachings
And so all under heaven simply consent
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 3
...’s; has, holds
永贞之吉，終莫之陵也。
22.3x (An) enduring persistence holds promise:
In the end nobody mocks this
→ 02.0
^ one, this, him
永贞之吉，終莫之陵也。
22.3x (An) enduring persistence holds promise:
In the end nobody mocks this
Xiao Xiang 5
...’s; has, holds
六五之吉，有喜也。
22.5x Six fifth has promise:
There will be happiness
→ 02.0
3rd Line
itself; oneself, one’s own; here; this
剝之，無咎。
Curtailing itself is not a mistake
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 3
itself
剝之無咎，失上下也。
23.3x Curtailing itself is not a mistake:
Let go of high (and) low
Tuan Zhuan
them; (in, at, with) this; here
剝，剝也，柔變剛也。不利有攸往，小人長也。順而止之，觀象也。君子尚消息盈虛，天行也。
Decomposing
(Means) stripping away
The flexible alters the firm
Not worthwhile to have somewhere to go:
The common people prevail
Accept and stop here
Look at the image
The noble young one respects waning (and) waxing as surplus (and) want
(And as) heaven’s behavior
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 1
(in, about, to, with) this, such
不遠之復，以脩身也。
24.1x Nothing distant in this return:
The way to refine (a) life
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 2
has, holds, leads to
脩復之吉，以下仁也。
24.2x Contentment in return holds promise:
Through lowly compassion
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 3
...’s; has (its); holds
頻復之利，義無咎也。
24.3x Repeated return has (its) difficulties:
Deserving no blame
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 6
...’s; has; comes, leads to
迷復之凶，反君道也。
24.6x Lost return comes to misfortune:
The opposite of a noble course
→ 02.0
Tuan Zhuan
...’s; ^ of v
復亨，剛反。動而以順行，是以出入無吉，朋來無咎。反復其道，七日來復，天行也。利有攸往，剛長也。復其見天地之心乎！
Returning (means) fulfillment:
The firm comes back around
Energetic, and using acceptance to proceed
So it is that exiting (and) entering (are) without anxiety
(And) companions arrive without fail
Turning around (and) returning (is) the way,
The seventh day brings return:
(As) heaven behaves
Worthwhile to have somewhere to go:
Firmness prevails
(In) returning one sees the heart of heaven (and) earth!
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 1
...’s; has; leads, comes to
無妄之往，得志。
25.1x Without pretense comes to advance:
Attaining the purpose
→ 02.0
3rd Line
(still, yet) has, holds (its); comes to
無妄之災，或繫之牛，行人之得，邑人之災。
One without pretense still has misfortunes
Sometimes tying one’s ox
Means the drifter’s gain
And the townsfolk’s disaster
→ 02.0
one’s, that; his, her, their
無妄之災，或繫之牛，行人之得，邑人之災。
One without pretense still has misfortunes
Sometimes tying one’s ox
Means the drifter’s gain
And the townsfolk’s disaster
has; ...’s
無妄之災，或繫之牛，行人之得，邑人之災。
One without pretense still has misfortunes
Sometimes tying one’s ox
Means the drifter’s gain
And the townsfolk’s disaster
...’s; ... s’; has, have; come to
無妄之災，或繫之牛，行人之得，邑人之災。
One without pretense still has misfortunes
Sometimes tying one’s ox
Means the drifter’s gain
And the townsfolk’s disaster
Xiao Xiang 4
this; v this v "
可贞無咎，固有之。
25.4x Prescribing loyalty is not a mistake:
Certainly presume this!
→ 02.0
5th Line
(still, yet) has, gets, holds (its); comes to
無妄之疾，勿藥，有喜。
One without pretense still has afflictions
Do not medicate to bring about well-being
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 5
(is) itself
無妄之藥，不可試。
25.5x Lack of pretense itself (is) medicine
(This) does not call for experiments
Xiao Xiang 6
...’s
無妄之行，窮之災。
25.6x Without pretense’s behavior:
Going too far leads to crisis
→ 02.0
has, holds; comes, leads, extends to
無妄之行，窮之災。
25.6x Without pretense’s behavior:
Going too far leads to crisis
Tuan Zhuan
...’s; has (its)
無妄，剛自外來而為主於內，動而健，剛中而應，大亨以正，天之命。其匪正有眚，不利有攸往。無妄之往，何之矣？天命不祐，行矣哉！
Without pretense
Firmness comes from without and becomes master on the inside
Movement with lasting vigor
The firm (is) central and resonant
Great fulfillment (is) according to integrity
Heaven’s higher law
For one without integrity there will be suffering
(And) not (much) reward in having somewhere to go
(While) without pretense there is forward progress
How is this so?
Heaven’s higher law is not protection:
(It is) movement itself!
→ 02.0
...’s, has (its); there is, will be; leads to
無妄，剛自外來而為主於內，動而健，剛中而應，大亨以正，天之命。其匪正有眚，不利有攸往。無妄之往，何之矣？天命不祐，行矣哉！
Without pretense
Firmness comes from without and becomes master on the inside
Movement with lasting vigor
The firm (is) central and resonant
Great fulfillment (is) according to integrity
Heaven’s higher law
For one without integrity there will be suffering
(And) not (much) reward in having somewhere to go
(While) without pretense there is forward progress
How is this so?
Heaven’s higher law is not protection:
(It is) movement itself!
is this, is it
無妄，剛自外來而為主於內，動而健，剛中而應，大亨以正，天之命。其匪正有眚，不利有攸往。無妄之往，何之矣？天命不祐，行矣哉！
Without pretense
Firmness comes from without and becomes master on the inside
Movement with lasting vigor
The firm (is) central and resonant
Great fulfillment (is) according to integrity
Heaven’s higher law
For one without integrity there will be suffering
(And) not (much) reward in having somewhere to go
(While) without pretense there is forward progress
How is this so?
Heaven’s higher law is not protection:
(It is) movement itself!
4th Line
...’s; has
童牛之牿，元吉。
A young bull’s corral
Most promising
→ 02.0
5th Line
...’s
豶豕之牙，吉。
A gelded boar’s tusks
Promising
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 5
...’s; has, holds
六五之吉，有慶。
26.5x Six fifth has promise:
There will (still) be rewards
→ 02.0
6th Line
...’s
何天之衢，亨。
What is heaven’s thoroughfare?
Fulfillment
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 6
...’s
合天之衢，道大行。
26.6x What is heaven’s course?
The way the great advance
Xiao Xiang 4
...’s; has, holds
顪頤之吉，上施光。
27.4x Top-heavy appetite holds promise:
Ascending extends (what is) known
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 5
has, holds
居贞之吉，順以從上。
27.5x To abide in persistence holds promise:
Accepting in order to follow the superior
→ 02.0
Tuan Zhuan
...’s 28.T
頤贞吉，養正則吉。觀頤，觀其所養。自求口實，觀其自養。天地養萬物，聖人養賢以及萬民。頤之時大矣哉！
Hungry mouth
Persistence (is) promising:
Nourish uprightness (and) in due order good fortune
Study the hungry mouth:
Study what is the purpose in nourishment
From the searching mouth (to) the feeding:
Study what are the sources of nourishment
Heaven (and) earth nourish the myriad beings
The wise ones nourish the worthy
(and) thereby reach the whole of humanity
Hungry mouth’s opportune timing (is) very important here!
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 3
will be, has; becomes; comes, leads to
棟橈之凶，不可以有輔。
28.3x The ridgepole’s deformity becomes trouble:
It is not enough to assume support
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 4
has, holds
棟隆之吉，不橈乎下。
28.4x The ridgepole’s holding up holds promise:
Not a failing onto those below
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 6
has, comes, leads to, into
過涉之凶，不可咎。
28.6x Too much to wade into comes into bad luck:
But not deserving blame
→ 02.0
Tuan Zhuan
...’s 40.T
大過，大者過。棟橈，本末弱，剛過而中。巽而説行，利有攸往，乃亨。大過之時大矣哉！
Greatness in excess
Greatness is that which exceeds
The ridgepole bends:
Beginning (and) end (are) yielding
The firm (is) excessive but central
(Be) adaptable and glad to move
Worthwhile to have somewhere to go:
And after this, fulfillment
Greatness in excess’s opportune timing (is) very important now!
→ 02.0
3rd Line
(and) going, leaving, proceeding
來之坎坎，險且枕，入于坎窞，勿用。
Coming and going, canyon after canyon
The narrow ledges are also headrests
Going into the canyon’s inner recesses
Is not at all useful
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 3
(and) going
來之坎坎，終無功。
29.3x Coming (and) going, canyon (after) canyon:
In the end, not much (is) accomplished
Tuan Zhuan
...’s 38.T
習坎，重險。水流而不盈，行險而不失其信。維心亨，乃以剛中。行有尚，往有功。天險不可升，地險山川丘陵。王公設險以守其國，險之時用大矣哉！
Repeated exposure
(Means) twice the risk
The water replenishes but does not pile up
Making progress (through) risk yet never losing its confidence
To keep the heart secure (is) fulfillment:
When making use of the firmness within
Progress will be valued:
To continue on will be an accomplishment
Heavenly hazards do not permit climbing
Earthly hazards (are) mountains (and) rivers, hills (and) heights
Sovereigns (and) patriarchs arrange hazards in order to protect their domains
Risk’s timely application (is) very important here!
→ 02.0
1st Line
(for, to) oneself, this, that; results, outcomes "
履錯然，敬之，無咎。
Taking steps but seeming confused
Respect this
And avoid errors
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 1
(but) ^ this
履錯之敬，以辟咎。
30.1x Taking steps in confusion (but) respecting this:
Thereby to avoid errors
3rd Line
in, with, has (its); approaches, comes to
日昃之離，不鼔缻而謌，則大耋之嗟，凶。
The sun declines with its radiance
Not drumming on clay pots and singing
Leads to much of old age’s lament
Unfortunate
→ 02.0
...’s; (and) its
日昃之離，不鼔缻而謌，則大耋之嗟，凶。
The sun declines with its radiance
Not drumming on clay pots and singing
Leads to much of old age’s lament
Unfortunate
Xiao Xiang 3
with its
日昃之離，何可久？
30.3x The sun declines with its radiance:
Why should this be prolonged?
Xiao Xiang 5
...’s; has (its)
六五之吉，離王公。
30.5x Six fifth’s good fortune:
A departure from sovereign (and) patriarch
→ 02.0
Tuan Zhuan
come(s) to have, arrive at; will now have 32.T
咸，感。柔上而剛下，二气感應以相與。止而説，男下女，是以亨利贞取女吉。天地感而萬物化生，聖人感人心而天下和平。觀其所感，而天地萬物之晴可見矣。
Reciprocity
(Means) being moved
The flexible (is) above while the firm (is) below
The two vital forces (are) moved in resonance
(And) with this support each other
Stillness and enjoyment
The masculine submits to the feminine
And so it is that fulfillment rewards persistence
(And) to court the young woman (is) promising
Heaven (and) earth move each other
And so the myriad beings transform (and) come to life
The wise ones move the human heart
And all under heaven respond with peace
Comprehend this function of touch
Then heaven (and) earth (and) the myriad beings
Will now have natures (which) may be seen plainly
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 1
has
濬恆之凶，始求深。
32.1x Digging in for continuity has pitfalls:
At the beginning (and) searching for depth
→ 02.0
3rd Line
(in, of, towards) such, this
不恆其德，或承之羞。贞吝。
Lacking continuity in one’s character
Somehow continuing in such unworthiness
What persists is embarrassment
→ 02.0
Tuan Zhuan
...’s
恆，久。剛上而柔下，雷風相與，巽而動，剛柔皆應。恆。恆亨無咎利贞，久於其道。天地之道恆久而不已。利有攸往，終則有始。日月得天而能久照，四時變化而能久成。聖人久於其道而天下化成。觀其所恆而天地萬物之晴可見矣。
Continuity
(Means) to endure
The firm (is) above and the flexible (is) below
Thunder (and) wind support each other
Versatile and energetic
The firm (and) the flexible fully correspond
Continuity
Continuity fulfills (and) nothing (is) wrong,
Worthwhile to be persistent:
Enduring (is) upon one’s own path
Heaven’s (and) earth’s courses
Continue, going on and (on) without end
Worthwhile to have somewhere to go:
At the end, in due order, there will be a beginning
Sun and moon take the sky
and so (are) able to continue in brilliance
The four seasons evolve (and) turn
And so are able to continue accomplishing
The wise ones endure upon their paths
And all under heaven (is) transformed (and) completed
Comprehend what is meant to be continued
Then heaven (and) earth (and) the myriad beings
Will now have natures (which) may be seen plainly
→ 02.0
have, has, come(s) to have; will now have 34.T
恆，久。剛上而柔下，雷風相與，巽而動，剛柔皆應。恆。恆亨無咎利贞，久於其道。天地之道恆久而不已。利有攸往，終則有始。日月得天而能久照，四時變化而能久成。聖人久於其道而天下化成。觀其所恆而天地萬物之晴可見矣。
Continuity
(Means) to endure
The firm (is) above and the flexible (is) below
Thunder (and) wind support each other
Versatile and energetic
The firm (and) the flexible fully correspond
Continuity
Continuity fulfills (and) nothing (is) wrong,
Worthwhile to be persistent:
Enduring (is) upon one’s own path
Heaven’s (and) earth’s courses
Continue, going on and (on) without end
Worthwhile to have somewhere to go:
At the end, in due order, there will be a beginning
Sun and moon take the sky
and so (are) able to continue in brilliance
The four seasons evolve (and) turn
And so are able to continue accomplishing
The wise ones endure upon their paths
And all under heaven (is) transformed (and) completed
Comprehend what is meant to be continued
Then heaven (and) earth (and) the myriad beings
Will now have natures (which) may be seen plainly
Xiao Xiang 1
...’s; has, having; comes to have; with, in
遁尾之利，不往何災。
33.1x Withdrawing the tail comes to have troubles:
(If) not in motion, where is the crisis?
→ 02.0
2nd Line
it, this, them
執之用黃牛之革，莫之勝説。
Tie it up with yellow rawhide
No one succeeds in getting it loose
→ 02.0
^ ; ...’s "
執之用黃牛之革，莫之勝説。
Tie it up with yellow rawhide
No one succeeds in getting it loose
will; has, (will) have; of them; ^^ it "
執之用黃牛之革，莫之勝説。
Tie it up with yellow rawhide
No one succeeds in getting it loose
Xiao Xiang 3
...’s; has, holds; comes, leads to
係遁之利，有疾厲。畜臣妾疾，不可大事。
33.3x Entangled retreat has distress,
There will be anxiety (and) exhaustion
* Managing (one’s) servants (and) concubines
(would have been) timely:
But not suited to crucial concerns
→ 02.0
Tuan Zhuan
...’s 44.T
遁亨。遁而亨。剛當位而應，與時行。小利贞，浸而長。遁之時義大矣哉。
Distancing succeeds:
Get distance and then succeed
The firm (is) suitably placed and resonant
To partake in the seasons’ progress
Little reward (in) persistence:
[The flexible] penetrates and then prevails
Distancing’s proper timing (is) very important here!
→ 02.0
4th Line
(is) (with)in its; refers to its
贞吉，悔亡。藩決不羸，壮于大輿之輹。
Persistence is promising
While regrets pass
The hedge opens with no entanglement
The power in the great vehicle is in its axle’s mount
→ 02.0
Tuan Zhuan
have, come to have; will now have 45.T
大壮，大者壮。剛以動，故壮。大壮利贞，大者正。正大而天地之晴可見矣。
Big (and) strong
Greatness is that which is strong
The firm applies force
Hence, strength
Big (and) strong, worthwhile to persist:
Greatness implies being correct
Be correct in greatness and then heaven (and) earth
Will now have natures (which) may be seen plainly
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 3
here; (for, in, to) this, them, these; extended
衆允之志，上行。
35.3x Many liberties extended:
(With) hope for superior conduct
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 2
...’s; has, holds
六二之吉，順以則。
36.2x Six second’s promise:
Compliantly using the givens
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 3
...’s; has, had (its)
難狩之志，乃大得。
36.3x The southern winter hunt has a purpose
After this (is fulfilled), a great gain
→ 02.0
4th Line
one’s; (in, of) its, their
入于左腹，獲明夷之心，于出門庭。
Entering through the left side of the gut
Capturing intelligence of the dark one’s heart
Before exiting through the courtyard gate
→ 02.0
5th Line
held, kept his; in, with his; resorted to
箕子之明夷，利贞。
Prince Ji held his brightness obscured*
Persistence was rewarded
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 5
...’s
箕子之贞，明不可息。
36.5x Prince Ji’s persistence:
A light not accepting extinction
Tuan Zhuan
this, it, such
明入地中，明夷。內文明而外柔順，以蒙大難，文王以之。利艱贞，晦其明，內難而能正其志，箕子以之。
The light goes within (to) the heart of the earth
Brightness (is) obscured
Inwardly coherent (and) bright while outwardly flexible (and) compliant
Using the obscurity (of) great trials
The Sovereign Wen applied this
Warranting difficult persistence:
Darkening his own light
Inwardly struggling, yet able to stay true to his purpose
Prince Ji applied this
→ 02.0
this, it, such
明入地中，明夷。內文明而外柔順，以蒙大難，文王以之。利艱贞，晦其明，內難而能正其志，箕子以之。
The light goes within (to) the heart of the earth
Brightness (is) obscured
Inwardly coherent (and) bright while outwardly flexible (and) compliant
Using the obscurity (of) great trials
The Sovereign Wen applied this
Warranting difficult persistence:
Darkening his own light
Inwardly struggling, yet able to stay true to his purpose
Prince Ji applied this
Xiao Xiang 2
...’s; has, holds
六二之吉，順以巽。
37.2x Six second has promise:
Accepting for the purpose of influence
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 6
have, hold, retain, keep
威如之吉，反身之謂。
37.6x Rather than being impressive, keep the promise
Coming back to one’s own individual style
→ 02.0
...’s; one’s (own), having v
威如之吉，反身之謂。
37.6x Rather than being impressive, keep the promise
Coming back to one’s own individual style
Tuan Zhuan
...’s; have
家人，女正位乎內，男正位乎外。男女正，天地之大義。家人有嚴君焉，父母之謂。父父，子子，兄兄，弟弟，夫夫，婦婦，而家道正。正家而天下定矣。
Family members
The woman’s true dignity lies within
The man’s true dignity lies without
The masculine (and) feminine principles
(Are) heaven’s (and) earth’s greater meanings
Family members have dignities (and) nobilities herein
Father (and) mother have their titles
(When) father (is) father (and) child (is) child
(When) elder brother (is) elder (and) younger (is) younger
(When) husband (is) husband (and) wife (is) wife
Then the family’s course (is) upheld
Uphold the family and all under heaven arranges itself
→ 02.0
have, hold this, these; are such, their, these
家人，女正位乎內，男正位乎外。男女正，天地之大義。家人有嚴君焉，父母之謂。父父，子子，兄兄，弟弟，夫夫，婦婦，而家道正。正家而天下定矣。
Family members
The woman’s true dignity lies within
The man’s true dignity lies without
The masculine (and) feminine principles
(Are) heaven’s (and) earth’s greater meanings
Family members have dignities (and) nobilities herein
Father (and) mother have their titles
(When) father (is) father (and) child (is) child
(When) elder brother (is) elder (and) younger (is) younger
(When) husband (is) husband (and) wife (is) wife
Then the family’s course (is) upheld
Uphold the family and all under heaven arranges itself
6th Line
the, his, one’s, that
睽孤，見豕負塗，載鬼一車。先張之弧，後説之弧。匪寇，婚媾。往遇雨，則吉。
Estranged and alone
Watching a hog, covered with muck
Once a wagon transporting demons
At first stringing that bow
But later unstringing the bow
It is not an adversary but a marital suitor
In going, greet the rain
After this, all is well
→ 02.0
the, his, one’s, that
睽孤，見豕負塗，載鬼一車。先張之弧，後説之弧。匪寇，婚媾。往遇雨，則吉。
Estranged and alone
Watching a hog, covered with muck
Once a wagon transporting demons
At first stringing that bow
But later unstringing the bow
It is not an adversary but a marital suitor
In going, greet the rain
After this, all is well
Xiao Xiang 6
has, holds
遇雨之吉，群疑亡。
38.6x Greeting the rain holds promise:
A multitude (of) doubts disappear
→ 02.0
Tuan Zhuan
...’s 39.T
睽，火動而上，澤動而下。二女同居，其志不同行。説而麗乎明，柔進而上行，得中而應乎剛。是以小事吉。天地睽而其事同，男女睽而其志通，萬物睽而其事類。睽之時用大矣哉！
Estrangement
The fire moves, but (only) upwards
The lake moves, but (only) downwards
Two women dwell together
(But) their intentions do not function as one
Enjoyment, along with dependence on clarity
The flexible advances, and so improves (its) conduct
Gaining the center and resonating with the firm
And so it is that ordinary matters (are) promising
Heaven (and) earth diverge, but still their endeavors converge
Masculine (and) feminine diverge, but their objectives interact
The myriad beings diverge, but their affairs (are) interrelated
Estrangement’s timely application (is) very important here!
→ 02.0
2nd Line
one v ...’s; -al
王臣蹇蹇，匪躬之故。
The sovereign’s minister is set back and interrupted
But this is not one person’s cause
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 3
(in, with) this; (is) here
往蹇來反，內喜之也。
39.3x (If) going (is) impassable (then) coming back
(means) turning around:
(Those) within rejoice in this
→ 02.0
Tuan Zhuan
...’s 29.T
蹇，難也。險在前也。見險而能止，知矣哉！蹇利西南，往得中也。不利東北，其道窮也。利見大人，往有功也。當位贞吉，以正邦也。蹇之時用大矣哉！
Impasse
(Means) problems
Risk lies ahead
To perceive the risk and be able to stop
(Is) wisdom indeed!
Impasse (is) worthwhile west (to) south:
To make progress (is) to find the center
It is not worthwhile east (to) north:
This way dead ends
Rewarding to encounter a mature human being:
Making progress will be an achievement
(In) a proper position, persistence (is) opportune:
In order to do right by the territory
Impasse’s timely application (is) very important now!
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 1
...’s, come to (have) (a, an); have (a) ^ here
剛柔之際，義無咎也。
40.1x Firmness (and) flexibility have a common boundary here
(In) the meaning of no blame
→ 02.0
6th Line
...’s
公用射鶽于高壉之上，獲之，無不利。
The duke takes aim at the raptor atop the
high battlement’s peak
Success at this means nothing cannot be turned to advantage
→ 02.0
(is) here; (at, in, with) this (is, means)
公用射鶽于高壉之上，獲之，無不利。
The duke takes aim at the raptor atop the
high battlement’s peak
Success at this means nothing cannot be turned to advantage
Tuan Zhuan
...’s 49.T
觧，險以動，動而免乎險，觧。觧利西南，往得衆也。其來復吉，乃得中也。有攸往，夙吉，往有功也。天地觧而雷雨作，雷雨作而百果草木皆甲坼。觧之時大矣哉！
Release
Crisis leads to movement
Movement then gets free of crisis
Released
Release favors the west to the south:
To go (is) to gain the multitude
One’s coming return (is) promising:
Here to find the center
(In) having somewhere to go, to be prompt (is) promising:
(In) making progress there will be achievement
Heaven (and) earth let loose as thunder (and) rain get to work
Thunder (and) rain go to work, and hundreds of seed pods
Of plants (and) trees, as one, begin to burst
Release’s opportune timing (is) very important now!
→ 02.0
Gua Ci
is this; is, will be
損，有孚，元吉，無咎，可贞。利有攸往，曷之用？二簋可用享。
Be true
Outstanding opportunity
Nothing is wrong
But it calls for persistence
Worthwhile to have somewhere to go
How is this applied?
A pair of simple rice baskets may be used for the offering
→ 02.0
1st Line
(of) this; here; this as v
己事遄往，無咎，酌損之。
One’s own affairs are rushed and passed by
No harm is done
But consider decreasing this
→ 02.0
2nd Line
here; in, with this; things; one(self) "
利贞，征凶。弗損，益之。
Worthwhile to be steadfast
To go boldly is ill-omened
Avoiding decrease increases one
→ 02.0
5th Line
(to) (this) one, him, her; this "
或益之十朋之龜，弗克違，元吉。
Somebody grants one ten matched pairs of tortoise shells
One cannot refuse
Outstanding opportunity
→ 02.0
of "
或益之十朋之龜，弗克違，元吉。
Somebody grants one ten matched pairs of tortoise shells
One cannot refuse
Outstanding opportunity
6th Line
here; in, with, to this, one(self) "
弗損，益之，無咎，贞吉。利有攸往，得臣無家。
Avoiding decrease increases one
Not a mistake
Persistence is opportune
Worthwhile to have somewhere to go
But one gains servants rather than family
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 6
one
弗損益之，大得志也。
41.6x Avoiding decrease increases one:
A well-earned objective
Tuan Zhuan
is this
損，損下益上，其道上行。損而有孚，元吉，無咎，可贞，利有攸往。曷之用？二簋可用享。二簋應有時，損剛益柔有時，損益盈虛，與時偕行。
Decreasing
Decreasing the subordinate to increase the superior
This process elevates conduct
Decreasing and still holding true
(Is) outstanding opportunity
Nothing (is) wrong
(But it) calls for persistence
Worthwhile to have somewhere to go
How is this applied?
A pair of (simple) rice baskets may be used for the offering:
Two (small) rice baskets will correspond with the time
Decreasing the firm to increase the flexible presumes timeliness
Decrease (and) increase (are) excess (and) want
Interacting in time (and) functioning together
2nd Line
(this) one, him, her "
或益之十朋之龜，弗克違，永贞吉。王用享于帝，吉。
Somebody grants one ten matched pairs of tortoise shells
One cannot refuse
Enduring commitment is promising
The sovereign presents offerings to the divine*
Promising
→ 02.0
of "
或益之十朋之龜，弗克違，永贞吉。王用享于帝，吉。
Somebody grants one ten matched pairs of tortoise shells
One cannot refuse
Enduring commitment is promising
The sovereign presents offerings to the divine*
Promising
Xiao Xiang 2
this
或益之，自外來也。
42.2x Somebody grants this:
(It) comes from beyond
3rd Line
here; comes; for, to one(self)
益之用凶事，無咎。有孚，中行告公用珪。
Increase comes by way of unfortunate events
Avoid errors
Hold true and focused in conduct
Report to the prince, offer the jade credential
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 3
v this, that v "
益用凶事，固有之也。
42.3x Increased by way of unfortunate events:
Certainly hold this (in mind)
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 5
this; here
有孚惠心，勿問之矣。惠我德，大得志也。
42.5x Be true (and) kind-hearted,
Do not question this at all
* Kindness (is) our worth:
A well-earned objective
→ 02.0
6th Line
this, that, such a one; here
莫益之，或擊之。立心勿恆，凶。
Nobody increases this one
Somebody assaults this one
Adopting an inconstant heart
Disappointing
→ 02.0
this, that, such a one; here
莫益之，或擊之。立心勿恆，凶。
Nobody increases this one
Somebody assaults this one
Adopting an inconstant heart
Disappointing
Xiao Xiang 6
this one
莫益之，偏辭也。或擊之，自外來也。
42.6x Nobody increases this one:
One-sided expression
* Somebody assaults this one:
(This) comes from beyond
this one
莫益之，偏辭也。或擊之，自外來也。
42.6x Nobody increases this one:
One-sided expression
* Somebody assaults this one:
(This) comes from beyond
Tuan Zhuan
is that of; is in, on, with, by
益，損上益下，民説無疆。自上下下，其道大光。利有攸往，中正有慶。利涉大川，木道乃行。益，動而巽，日進無疆。天施地生，其益無方。凡益之道，與時偕行。
Increasing
Decreasing the lofty to increase the humble
The people’s satisfaction is not a limitation
From the lofty down to the humble
Such a course (is) highly exemplary
Worthwhile to have somewhere to go:
Concentration (and) uprightness will be rewarding
Worthwhile to cross the great stream:
The nature of wood leads to progress
Increase moves while adapting
The day’s progress is not a limitation
Heaven confers, the earth brings forth
This increase is without directives
The general increase is that of the way,
Sharing the time (and) moving in union
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 6
approaches(ing); has, holds; comes, leads to
無號之凶，終不可長也。
43.6x No cry for help, approaching misfortune:
In the end, not fit to survive
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 4
has; comes, leads to; in, with one’s, this
無魚之凶，遠民也。
44.4x Wanting the fish in one’s disappointment:
(So) far from the others
→ 02.0
Tuan Zhuan
...’s 56.T
姤，遇也。柔遇剛也。勿用取女，不可與長也。天地相遇，品物咸章也。剛遇中正，天下大行也。姤之時義大矣哉！
Dissipation
(Means) to encounter
The flexible encounters the firm
Not at all useful to court (this) woman:
Not suited to enduring together
Heaven (and) earth encounter each other
(And) the varieties of beings join in the composition
Firmness encounters (with) concentration (and) integrity
(And) all under heaven make great advances
Chance encounter’s proper timing (is) very important here!
→ 02.0
Tuan Zhuan
come(s) to have, arrive at; will now have 31.T
萃，聚也。順以説，剛中而應，故聚也。王假有廟，致孝享也。利見大人亨，聚以正也。用大牲吉，利有攸往，順天命也。觀其所聚，而天地萬物之情可見矣。
Collectedness
(Means) to congregate
Acceptance behind satisfaction
The firm (is) central (and) resonant
Hence, congregation
The sovereign approaches his temple:
To convey the filial offering
Rewarding to encounter a mature human being making an offering:
Concentrating with integrity
To offer great sacrifices (is) promising,
Worthwhile to have somewhere to go:
Agreeing with heaven’s higher order
Study the reason to congregate
Then heaven (and) earth (and) the myriad beings
Will now have natures (which) may be seen plainly
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 2
...’s
九二之孚，有喜也。
46.2x Nine second’s sincerity
Will find happiness
→ 02.0
6th Line
(in, about) one’s, such, this, that
冥升，利于不息之贞。
Blind ascent
Advantage in not relaxing that resolve
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 5
...’s; has, holds, extends; will (be)
寒泉之食，中正也。
48.5x The cold spring holds refreshment:
In the center (and) correct
→ 02.0
1st Line
^ ; ...’s "
鞏用黃牛之革。
Wrapped with golden rawhide
→ 02.0
2nd Line
(has) arrive(al), come (s, ed, ing); (is) here
已日乃革之，征吉，無咎。
Complete the day and then change arrives
To expedite is promising
Not a mistake
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 2
arrives
已日革之，行有嘉也。
49.2x Complete the day (and) change arrives:
Taking steps earns due reward
Xiao Xiang 3
this, here [i.e. wait at the destination ]
革言三就，又何之矣？
49.3x (When) change (is) discussed three times all around:
Given that, where is this?*
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 4
has, holds
改命之吉，信志也。
49.4x Changing the mandate holds promise:
Believe in the purpose
→ 02.0
Tuan Zhuan
(about, in, of) it, this; here
革，水火相息，二女同居，其志不相得，曰革。已日乃孚，革而信之。文明以説，大亨以正，革而當，其悔乃亡。天地革而四時成，湯武革命，順乎天而應乎人，革之時大矣哉！
Seasonal change
Water (and) fire subdue each other
Two women dwell together
(But) their aims are not mutual gain
So this is called seasonal change
Complete the day and then be sure:
Change and then believe in it
Refinement (and) clarity behind satisfaction
Great fulfillment (is) according to correctness
Change is then appropriate
One’s regrets then pass
Heaven (and) earth change and so the four seasons are fulfilled
Tang and Wu changed the mandates
Complying with heaven while resonating with humanity
Seasonal change’s opportune timing (is) very important now!
→ 02.0
...’s 27.T
革，水火相息，二女同居，其志不相得，曰革。已日乃孚，革而信之。文明以説，大亨以正，革而當，其悔乃亡。天地革而四時成，湯武革命，順乎天而應乎人，革之時大矣哉！
Seasonal change
Water (and) fire subdue each other
Two women dwell together
(But) their aims are not mutual gain
So this is called seasonal change
Complete the day and then be sure:
Change and then believe in it
Refinement (and) clarity behind satisfaction
Great fulfillment (is) according to correctness
Change is then appropriate
One’s regrets then pass
Heaven (and) earth change and so the four seasons are fulfilled
Tang and Wu changed the mandates
Complying with heaven while resonating with humanity
Seasonal change’s opportune timing (is) very important now!
Xiao Xiang 2
to go, it goes; in, of, with this; here
鼎有實，慎所之也。我仇有疾，終無尤也。
50.2x The cauldron holds substance:
Be mindful of function here
* Our counterparts hold anxieties:
In the end, no reproach
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 6
...’s; has, holds
敦艮之吉，以厚終也。
52.6x Authentic stillness holds promise:
The way to a genuine outcome
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 1
(is) having
小子之厲，義無咎也。
53.1x The little fledgling is having difficulties:
Deserving no blame
→ 02.0
5th Line
^ her, this "
鴻漸于陵，婦三歲不孕，終莫之勝，吉。
The wild geese advance by degrees to higher ground
The wife is three years without conceiving
In the end nothing overcomes her
Promising
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 5
^ her
終莫之勝，得所願也。
53.5x In the end, nothing overcomes her good fortune:
Securing a home for hope
Tuan Zhuan
has, holds; results in; leads, comes, refers to
漸之進也，女歸吉也。進得位，往有功也。進以正，可以正邦也。其位剛得中也。止而巽，動不窮也。
Gradual progress leads to advance
The young woman’s engagement (is) timely
Advancing secures a position
Making progress will be an accomplishment
Advancing according to principle
(Is) a fitting way to do right by the realm
In such a position
The firm secures the center
To be still and also adapt
(Is) movement without exhaustion
→ 02.0
2nd Line
...’s; in his; of (a, the) v; } recluse’s
眇能視，利幽人之贞。
The one-eyed can still see
Warranting the secluded one’s persistence
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 2
...’s
利幽人之贞，未變常也。
54.2x Warranting the secluded one’s persistence:
Not yet ready to vary the rules
Xiao Xiang 4
has, holds (its)
愆期之志，有待而行也。
54.4x Exceeding the allotted term has its purpose
There will be a delay and then progress
→ 02.0
5th Line
...’s
帝乙歸妹，其君之袂，不如其娣之袂良，月幾望，吉。
When Lord Yi gave his maiden daughter in marriage
This noble woman’s gown was not equal
to her bridesmaids’ gowns in fineness
The moon approaching fullness
Is hopeful
→ 02.0
...’s; ...s’
帝乙歸妹，其君之袂，不如其娣之袂良，月幾望，吉。
When Lord Yi gave his maiden daughter in marriage
This noble woman’s gown was not equal
to her bridesmaids’ gowns in fineness
The moon approaching fullness
Is hopeful
Xiao Xiang 5
...s’
帝乙歸妹，不如其娣之袂良也。其位在中，以貴行也。
54.5x When Lord Yi gave (his) maiden daughter in marriage
Tuan Zhuan
...’s; in, with their; have (a, their)
歸妹，天地之大義也。天地不交，而萬物不興，歸妹，人之終始也。説以動，所歸妹也。征凶，位不當也。無攸利，柔乘剛也。
Little sister’s marriage
Heaven (and) earth have their meanings in wholeness
(When) heaven (and) earth do not interact
Then the myriad beings do not come to be
Little sister’s marriage (is) humanity’s end (and) beginning
Satisfaction (as) a way to move
(Is) the reason for little sister’s marriage
To go boldly (is) inauspicious:
The dignity is not appropriate
Not a direction with merit:
The yielding takes advantage of the firm
→ 02.0
...’s; (in, at, with) its, their
歸妹，天地之大義也。天地不交，而萬物不興，歸妹，人之終始也。説以動，所歸妹也。征凶，位不當也。無攸利，柔乘剛也。
Little sister’s marriage
Heaven (and) earth have their meanings in wholeness
(When) heaven (and) earth do not interact
Then the myriad beings do not come to be
Little sister’s marriage (is) humanity’s end (and) beginning
Satisfaction (as) a way to move
(Is) the reason for little sister’s marriage
To go boldly (is) inauspicious:
The dignity is not appropriate
Not a direction with merit:
The yielding takes advantage of the firm
Gua Ci
it, this, such; his [abundance, zenith]
豐，亨，王假之，勿憂，宜日中。
Fulfillment
The sovereign approaches this
Do not be anxious
It suits the sun to be at midday
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 5
...’s; has, holds
六五之吉，有慶也。
55.5x Six fifth holds promise:
(Of) bringing rewards
→ 02.0
Tuan Zhuan
this
豐，大也。明以動，故豐。王假之，尚大也。勿憂宜日中，宜照天下也。日中則昃，月盈則食，天地盈虛，與時消息，而況於人乎，況於鬼神乎。
Abundance
(Means) greatness
Intelligence (is) behind movement
Given this, abundance
The sovereign approaches this:
Appreciate the greatness
Do not be anxious, (it) suits the sun (to be at) midday:
Appropriate for illuminating all under heaven
The sun (at) midday, in due order, goes down
The moon (at) full, in due order, (is) consumed
(If) heaven (and) earth fill up (and) empty out
In accord with the time (in both) waning (and) waxing
Then how much more true for humanity!
(And) how much more true for the ghosts and the spirits!
Xiao Xiang 6
(e ven, will) hold(s); come(s)
以旅在上，其義焚也。丧牛于易，終莫之聞也。
56.6x Considering that the wanderer is at the top
This one is understandably burned
* Forfeiting cattle in the exchange:
In the end, nobody comes to enquire
→ 02.0
Tuan Zhuan
...’s 16.T
The wanderer
(Means) modest fulfillment
The flexible finds the balance on the outside
And so complies with firmness
Restraint along with dependence on clarity
This is how, (with) modest fulfillment,
The wanderer’s persistence (is) promising
The wanderer’s appropriate timing (is) very important here!
→ 02.0
1st Line
...’s; } (a, the) warrior’s
進退，利武人之贞。
Advancing and retreating
Warranting a warrior’s resolve
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 1
} (the) warrior’s
進退，志疑也。利武人之贞，志治也。
57.1x Advancing (and) retreating:
The purpose wavers
* Warranting the warrior’s resolve:
The purpose (is) under control
Xiao Xiang 2
has, holds
紛若之吉，得中也。
57.2x A confusion of these holds promise:
(In) regaining balance
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 3
...’s, has, holds; comes, leads to
頻巽之吝，志窮也。
57.3x Recurrent adaptation’s embarrassment:
The purpose (is) exhausted
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 5
...’s; has, holds
九五之吉，位正中也。
57.5x Nine fifth holds promise:
The position (is) correct (and) central
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 1
...’s; ...s’; has, have, hold(s)
和兌之吉，行未疑也。
58.1x Responsive joy holds promise:
The behavior (is) not now in doubt
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 2
...’s, ...s’; has, have, hold(s)
孚兌之吉，信志也。
58.2x Trusting joy holds promise:
A belief (in) the purpose
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 3
...’s; ...s’; has, have, hold(s)
來兌之凶，位不當也。
58.3x Future joy holds disappointment:
The position is not appropriate
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 4
...’s; has, holds; comes, leads to
九四之喜，有慶也。
58.4x Nine fourth’s happiness:
There will be rewards
→ 02.0
Tuan Zhuan
...’s
兌，説也。剛中而柔外，説以利贞，是以順乎天，而應乎人。説以先民，民忘其勞；説以犯難，民忘其死；説之大，民勸矣哉！
Satisfaction
(Means) pleasure
The firm (is) within and the flexible without
Pleasure, accordingly, rewards persistence
And so it is complying with heaven
And resonant in humanity
(When) pleasure (is) used to lead a people
The people forget their weariness
(When) pleasure (is) used in challenging difficulties
The people forget their mortality
Pleasure’s great importance
(Is) truly in the people’s encouragement!
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 1
...’s; has, holds
初六之吉，順也。
59.1x First six holds promise:
(In) acceptance
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 3
...’s; has, holds; comes, leads to
不節之嗟，又誰咎也。
60.3x Lack of restraint comes to lament:
Given this, who is to blame?
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 4
has, holds; comes, leads to
安節之亨，承上道也。
60.4x Contentment with boundaries comes to fulfillment:
Undertaking a higher path
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 5
...’s; has, holds
甘節之吉，居位中也。
60.5x Sweet limitation holds promise:
Occupying a place in the center
→ 02.0
2nd Line
her; (to) it, this
鸣鶴在陰，其子和之。我有好爵，吾與爾靡之。
The call of a crane in the shadows
Her young ones respond to her
I have a fine beaker of wine
And I, with your help, will drain it
→ 02.0
it, same, this
鸣鶴在陰，其子和之。我有好爵，吾與爾靡之。
The call of a crane in the shadows
Her young ones respond to her
I have a fine beaker of wine
And I, with your help, will drain it
Xiao Xiang 2
to her
其子和之，中心願也。
61.2x Her young ones respond to her:
(From) within the heart’s hope
Gua Ci
this, these, its
小過。亨。利贞。可小事，不可大事。飛鳥遺之音，不宜上，宜下，大吉。
Fulfillment
Worthwhile to persist
Appropriate for minor concerns,
Not suited to great concerns
The flying bird bequeaths this message:
If not adapted to heights, adapt to remaining below
Much promise
→ 02.0
3rd Line
oneself
弗過防之，從或戕之，凶。
One is never beyond defending oneself
From behind someone might attack here
Unlucky
→ 02.0
(this) one; another; here; one here
弗過防之，從或戕之，凶。
One is never beyond defending oneself
From behind someone might attack here
Unlucky
Xiao Xiang 3
here
從或戕之，凶如何也。
62.3x From behind someone might attack here:
Bad luck (only) seems responsible
4th Line
another, (the) others, (passers by, in passing)
無咎，弗過遇之。往厲必戒，勿用永贞。
Make no mistakes
Do not be beyond greeting others in passing
Difficult progress demands heedfulness
Do not rely on unrelenting persistence
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 4
others (in passing)
62.4x Do not be beyond greeting others (in passing):
The position is not appropriate
* Difficult progress demands heedfulness:
In the end there is nothing friendly to longevity
6th Line
(v) them, another, (the) others (v)
弗遇過之。飛鳥離之，凶，是謂災眚。
With no acknowledgement in passing others by
The flying birds get distance from this one
Bad omen
Surely a sign of calamity and suffering
→ 02.0
(this, that, such a) one
弗遇過之。飛鳥離之，凶，是謂災眚。
With no acknowledgement in passing others by
The flying birds get distance from this one
Bad omen
Surely a sign of calamity and suffering
Xiao Xiang 6
v (the) others v
弗遇過之，已亢也。
62.6x With no acknowledgement (in) passing others by:
Beyond pretentiousness
Tuan Zhuan
...’s
小過，小者過而亨也。過以利贞，與時行也。柔得中，是以小事吉也。剛失位而不中，是以不可大事也。有飛鳥之象焉。飛鳥遺之音，不宜上宜下，大吉；上逆而下順也。
Smallness in excess
The small are those who go beyond and so (are) fulfilled
Exceeding, accordingly, (is) worth persistence
To take part in the time (is) to move
The flexible gains the center
This is how minor concerns (are) promising
The firm (has) lost position and also is not in the center
(And) so this is, accordingly, not suited to great concerns
There is the flying bird’s image herein
The flying bird bequeaths this message:
(If) not adapted to heights (then) adapt to (remaining) below
Much promise:
Above (is) resistance while below (is) acceptance
→ 02.0
this
小過，小者過而亨也。過以利贞，與時行也。柔得中，是以小事吉也。剛失位而不中，是以不可大事也。有飛鳥之象焉。飛鳥遺之音，不宜上宜下，大吉；上逆而下順也。
Smallness in excess
The small are those who go beyond and so (are) fulfilled
Exceeding, accordingly, (is) worth persistence
To take part in the time (is) to move
The flexible gains the center
This is how minor concerns (are) promising
The firm (has) lost position and also is not in the center
(And) so this is, accordingly, not suited to great concerns
There is the flying bird’s image herein
The flying bird bequeaths this message:
(If) not adapted to heights (then) adapt to (remaining) below
Much promise:
Above (is) resistance while below (is) acceptance
3rd Line
it, this, them
高宗伐鬼方，三年克之。小人勿用。
The illustrious ancestor subjugated barbarian country
It took three years to conquer them
Lesser people were not at all useful
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 3
them
三年克之，憊也。
63.3x Three years to conquer them:
Exhausting
5th Line
...’s
東鄰殺牛，不如西鄰之禴祭，實受其福。
The eastern neighbor sacrifices cattle
Yet this is not equal to the western neighbor’s
modest spring offering*
The genuine received their blessings
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 5
...’s
東鄰殺牛，不如西鄰之時也。實受其福，吉大來也。
63.5x The eastern neighbor sacrifices cattle:
This is not equal to the western neighbor’s timing
* The genuine received their blessings:
The good fortune (has) completely arrived
Xiang Zhuan
it, this, them, such; (the) result, outcome (s)
水在火上，既濟。君子以思患而預防之。
Water positioned over the flame
Already complete
The noble young one, accordingly, contemplates sorrows
and so prepares to maintain against them
→ 02.0
5th Line
has, holds; resorts to; goes, moves toward(s)
贞吉，無悔。君子之光，有孚，吉。
Persistence is promising
Despite the regrets
The noble young one moves toward the light of example
Holding true
Promising
→ 02.0
Xiao Xiang 5
moves toward(s)
君子之光，其暉吉也。
64.5x The noble young one moves toward the light of example:
The brightness (is) promising
Homophones (zhi)
知zhi1(to be) acquainted, aware, cognizant, conscious, familiar, informed, intimate, knowing, knowledgeable, learned, wise, perceptive, prudent, understanding (of, with); (to) acknowledge, acquaint, comprehend, deem, feel, know, learn, perceive, recognize, remember, understand; (take) note, notice; control, direct, operate; befriend, wait on (s, ed, ing); (a, the) assumption, comprehension, discretion, erudition, grasp, knowledge, prudence, recognition, sophistication, thinking, understanding, wisdom; friend, intimate, familiar; consciously, knowingly, prudently, wisely祗zhi1worthy (of); respectable; need for執zhi2to control, manage, contain, restrain直zhi2straight*(forward), upright, to the point之zhi2to kick; plant, dig in, stamp (the) feet, hooves止zhi3(to) stop, (keep, be, hold) still, settle (down), remain, halt, pause, rest, allay, cease (from), quit, desist, resist, restrain, constrain, control; object, oppose, arrest, detain, end, curb, check , linger, stay, dwell, lodge at (s, ed, ing); (to be) stopped, stilled, settled, halted, restrained, constrained, stable, motionless, satisfied, quiet, calm; (a, the) stability, restraint, poise, equilibrium, stillness, inaction; self- control, deportment, behavior, conduct; foot, heel; while, when, until, only, but yet, to, until, merely, simply祉zhi3happiness, blessings (as footprints of spirits)趾zhi3(a, the) toes, foot, feet, hoof, paw, stand, base, basis, stand, foundation, legs; (to) step (s, -ed, -ing)雉zhi4(a, the) pheasant’s稚zhi4young, tender, delicate, recent, childish志zhi4(a, the) will, intent, mind, mindset, target, resolution, resoluteness, determination, resolve, direction, focus, destination, bent, intention, scope, disposition, purpose, goal, ideal, end, aim, objective, expectation, aspiration, plan, 459 priority, ambition, wish, desire, hope, inclination; fixed purpose, mind’s objective, heart’s desire; spirit, mind; (to) will, intend, plan, determine, wish, hope, desire; keep in mind, remember (s, ed, ing) (to, for); (to be) willing, intent, set on, bent on, resolved, determined, directed, disposed置zhi4(&) put aside, away; placed; cast, abandoned至zhi4(to) attain, come, reach (to); arrive (at), accomplish, approach, become, come to be/pass, come up to, complete, result in, consummate, culminate, go as far as, succeed in, perfect (s, ed, ing); (to be) accomplished, approached, arrived at, attained, best, complete(d), consummate(d), extreme, farthest, finest, fulfilled, greatest, highest, most, perfect(ed), reached, realized, thorough, utmost, mature; adequate, suitable; (a, the) apex, attainment, completion, consummation, end (of), optimum, outcome, prime, ultimate, zentih; solstice, highest point, utmost; very, extremely, even, as far as, as much as, as long as, up to, at best, until; at, to; -est致zhi4(to) involve, bring about, bring forward, bring to utmost, occasion, result in, call for, call upon, invite, interest, ask for, permit, induce, cause, lead to, carry out, fulfill, send, come, complete, finalize, present, extend, offer, hand over, encourage, invoke, implicate, transmit, convey, attain, reach, gain, cultivate, develop, examine thoroughly; determine the solstice (s, ed, ing); (a, the) goal, conclusion; (to be) full, complete, final, conclusive, extensive, further; from ... to制zhi4restraint, constraint, control, definition (s)桎zhi4(the) shackles, hobbles, fetters,(impediments)蛭zhi4(is, yet) resisted, obstructed, stifled, opposed治zhi4(is, are) healed, cured, set right, ordered
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